Anadolu Aleviliğinin kolektif melankolisi: feda edilemeyen imgenin tiranlığı
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Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET: Kolektif belleğin önemli paydaşlarından birisi olan yas çalışması, toplulukların kayba dair verdikleri tepkileri tanımlamak ve açıklamak için kullanılmaktadır. Yas çalışmasının aşamaları her ne kadar keskin sayılabilse de bazı toplulukların süreçleri yas çalışmasının belirgin sınırları içerisinde yeterince tanımlı olmayabilir. Kolektif belleğin hatırlama ve unutma pratikleri ekseninde düşünebileceğimiz kültürel bellek yasın kültürel boyutunu da anlamamızı sağlayabilir. Anadolu Alevileri özelinde hatırlama, tekrarlama, yorumlama, canlandırma ve çeşitleme yollarıyla diriltilen ve süreklileştirilen keder, trajik toplum kimliği kazanmada önemli araçlardan birisi olmuştur. Anadolu Aleviliği’nin bilinçdışı motoru çeşitli yitim süreçlerini tarihsel bağlamından görece ayırarak yorumlamış, böylece içselleştirmiş ve onu inancın kayıp nesnesi olarak işaretlemiştir. Bu işaret aynı zamanda bir çeşit kimlik inşa sürecinin de baş aktörüdür. Çalışmada bu inşa sürecinin dürtülerini ve yitimin ritüelleşerek dini-toplumsal yaşamın iskeletini oluşturma sürecini psikanalitik yorumlarla açmaya çalışacağız. Aynı zamanda yas toplumu olarak etiketlenen Alevilerin yasa dair bu örtüsünü psikanalitik yorumlamalarla kaldırmaya çalışarak toplumsal bilinç dışında gerçekleşenlere melankoli kavramıyla farklı bir kapı açmayı deneyeceğiz. Ritüellere ve kült davranış modellerine toplumun iskeletini oluşturan giyim, deyişler ve ibadet pratikleri gibi sosyal gerçeklerle antropolojik olarak yaklaşarak klişeleşen yas toplumunun ardına daha detaylı bir biçimde bakacağız. Çalışmanın genel çerçevesi Aleviliğin dini ve sosyalleşen ritüellerinin psikanalitik okuması ekseninde gelişmiş ve yas-melankoli ayrımını yapmayı amaçlamıştır. Melankolinin bireysel bir nevroz, duygu durumu veya eğilim olabileceği yaklaşımları psikanalitik açıdan ele alınarak kolektif bir melankoli tanımının Alevi inancı üzerinden ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
ABSTRACT: The study of mourning, one of the major concerns of collective memory, is used to define and explain how the communities react to loss. Regardless of the bitterness that the process of the study might have, some of the communities’ progression may not be sufficiently defined within the distinct boundaries of the study. Cultural memory, which can be thought within the framework of remembering and forgetting practices of collective memory, can also enable us to understand the cultural dimension of mourning. Grief, which was regenerated and lasted by means of remembering, repeating, interpreting, enacting and diversifying particularly in the Anatolian Alevis, has been one of the important tools on account of developing a tragic social identity. The unconscious motor of the Anatolian Alevism interpreted various loss by separating them from their historical context, thus internalized and signed it as the lost object of belief. In a way, this sign is also the main actor in identity building process. In this study, we will try to explain the impulses of this building process and the process of creating the structure of religious-social life by ritualizing the loss with psychoanalytic interpretations. While we will try to remove this veil of the Alevis, which are labeled as a society of mourning, with psychoanalytic interpretations, and also we will try to open a different door with the concept of melancholy to what happens outside the social consciousness. We will look at the stereotypical mourning society in more detail by approaching rituals and cult behavior patterns anthropologically with social facts such as clothing, idioms, and worship practices that constitute the structure of society. The general framework of this study was developed at the centre of psychoanalytic reading of Alevism’s religion and socializing rituals and aimed to differentiate mourning and melancholy. It is aimed to present a collective definition of melancholy through the Alevi belief by analyzing the approaches suggesting that melancholia may be an individual neurosis, emotional state or tendency, from a psychoanalytic perspective.
ABSTRACT: The study of mourning, one of the major concerns of collective memory, is used to define and explain how the communities react to loss. Regardless of the bitterness that the process of the study might have, some of the communities’ progression may not be sufficiently defined within the distinct boundaries of the study. Cultural memory, which can be thought within the framework of remembering and forgetting practices of collective memory, can also enable us to understand the cultural dimension of mourning. Grief, which was regenerated and lasted by means of remembering, repeating, interpreting, enacting and diversifying particularly in the Anatolian Alevis, has been one of the important tools on account of developing a tragic social identity. The unconscious motor of the Anatolian Alevism interpreted various loss by separating them from their historical context, thus internalized and signed it as the lost object of belief. In a way, this sign is also the main actor in identity building process. In this study, we will try to explain the impulses of this building process and the process of creating the structure of religious-social life by ritualizing the loss with psychoanalytic interpretations. While we will try to remove this veil of the Alevis, which are labeled as a society of mourning, with psychoanalytic interpretations, and also we will try to open a different door with the concept of melancholy to what happens outside the social consciousness. We will look at the stereotypical mourning society in more detail by approaching rituals and cult behavior patterns anthropologically with social facts such as clothing, idioms, and worship practices that constitute the structure of society. The general framework of this study was developed at the centre of psychoanalytic reading of Alevism’s religion and socializing rituals and aimed to differentiate mourning and melancholy. It is aimed to present a collective definition of melancholy through the Alevi belief by analyzing the approaches suggesting that melancholia may be an individual neurosis, emotional state or tendency, from a psychoanalytic perspective.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Melankoli, Yas, Psikanalitik, Kayıp, Alevilik, Melancholy, Mourning, Psychoanalytical, Loss, Alevism
