Hava aracı kira sözleşmeleri: dry lease ve wet lease
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET: Hava araçlarının dry lease ve wet lease sözleşmeleri ile kiralanması, uygulamada ticari hava taşıma işletmeleri tarafından sıklıkla başvurulan bir yöntemdir. Dry lease, hava aracının uçuş ekibi olmadan ve kiracının işletme ruhsatı üzerinden işletilmek üzere kiralandığı hali oluştururken; wet lease ise, hava aracının uçuş ekibi de dahil olarak ve kiraya verenin işletme ruhsatı üzerinden işletilmek üzere kiralandığı hali oluşturmaktadır. Türk Sivil Havacılık Kanunu uyarınca hava araçlarının ekipli ve ekipsiz kiralanması düzenlenmişse de söz konusu hükümlerde yalnızca bu sözleşmeler bakımından uygulanacak yasal mevzuatın Türk Borçlar Kanunu ve Türk Ticaret Kanunu olduğu belirlenmiştir. İlgili mevzuatlar bakımından hangi hükümlerin tatbik edileceği ise düzenlenmemiştir. Çalışmamız kapsamında, Türk Sivil Havacılık Kanunu uyarınca dry lease bakımından Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nda düzenleme alanı bulan adi kira hükümlerinin, wet lease bakımından ise Türk Ticaret Kanunu uyarınca düzenlenen zaman çarteri hükümlerinin uygulanması gerektiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak belirtilen düzenlemeler, dry lease ve wet lease sözleşmeleri bakımından; tarafların yükümlülüklerini, kira konusunun özelliklerini, Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü’nün idari olarak bu sözleşmeler üzerindeki etkisini ve sair hususları düzenlemek bakımından yeterli hükümleri ihtiva etmemektedir. Meydana gelen bu ihtiyaç kapsamında, Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından yürürlüğe konulan Hava Aracı Kiralama Usul ve Esasları Talimatı (SHTKİRALAMA) uyarınca, dry lease ve wet lease sözleşmeleri özel olarak düzenleme alanı bulmuştur. İlaveten Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından yürürlüğe konulan diğer sivil havacılık mevzuatları da dry lease ve wet lease sözleşmelerinin geçerlilik ve uygulaması bakımından büyük önemi haizdir. Nitekim ilgili mevzuatlar dry lease ve wet lease sözleşmelerinde düzenlenmesi gereken hususlar, kira konusu hava araçları, bunların nitelikleri, kira süresi, alınması gereken onaylar, kabotaj taşımacılığı ve sözleşme taraflarına ait nitelikler gibi özellik arz eden hususları özel olarak düzenlemektedir.
ABSTRACT: Leasing aircrafts by way of dry lease and wet lease contracts are frequently used by airline companies. Dry lease is a lease of the aircraft which is operated under the air operator certificate of the lessee without the flight crew, while wet lease is a lease of the aircraft which is operated under the air operator certificate of the lessor with a flight crew. Although leasing an aircraft with or without a flight crew is enacted by Turkish Civil Aviation Act, the relevant articles only refer to Turkish Commercial Code and Turkish Code of Obligations as the applicable legislations. However, the relevant provisions of these legislations which shall be applied to dry lease and wet lease contracts have not been identified. In this research, it is ascertained that the ordinary lease provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations shall be applied in respect to dry lease, the time charter provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code shall be applied in respect to wet lease. Nevertheless, these regulations do not have adequate provisions about liabilities of the parties, characteristics of the leasing subject, administrative control of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation on these contracts and other subjects with regards to dry lease and wet lease contracts. However, within this scope Directorate General of Civil Aviation enacted the Rules and Procedures of Leasing an Aircraft which brought special arrangements about dry lease and wet lease in a great detail. Also, other civil aviation legislations which are implemented by Directorate General of Civil Aviation have great importance on validity and implementation of dry lease and wet lease. Indeed, these legislations specifically regulate the required provisions for dry lease and wet lease contracts, the aircraft which is the leasing subject and its specifications, term of the lease, required approvals, cabotage transportation and the qualifications of the parties to the contract.
ABSTRACT: Leasing aircrafts by way of dry lease and wet lease contracts are frequently used by airline companies. Dry lease is a lease of the aircraft which is operated under the air operator certificate of the lessee without the flight crew, while wet lease is a lease of the aircraft which is operated under the air operator certificate of the lessor with a flight crew. Although leasing an aircraft with or without a flight crew is enacted by Turkish Civil Aviation Act, the relevant articles only refer to Turkish Commercial Code and Turkish Code of Obligations as the applicable legislations. However, the relevant provisions of these legislations which shall be applied to dry lease and wet lease contracts have not been identified. In this research, it is ascertained that the ordinary lease provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations shall be applied in respect to dry lease, the time charter provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code shall be applied in respect to wet lease. Nevertheless, these regulations do not have adequate provisions about liabilities of the parties, characteristics of the leasing subject, administrative control of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation on these contracts and other subjects with regards to dry lease and wet lease contracts. However, within this scope Directorate General of Civil Aviation enacted the Rules and Procedures of Leasing an Aircraft which brought special arrangements about dry lease and wet lease in a great detail. Also, other civil aviation legislations which are implemented by Directorate General of Civil Aviation have great importance on validity and implementation of dry lease and wet lease. Indeed, these legislations specifically regulate the required provisions for dry lease and wet lease contracts, the aircraft which is the leasing subject and its specifications, term of the lease, required approvals, cabotage transportation and the qualifications of the parties to the contract.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hava aracı kira sözleşmeleri, Dry lease, Wet lease, Uçak kiralama, Helikopter kiralama, Aircraft leasing contracts, Airplane leasing, Helicopter leasing
