Türkiye'de boşanamayan ve boşanan kadınların yapabilirliklerinin boşanma eylemine geçiş veya geçemeyişleri üzerine olan etkisi
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Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Boşanma olgusu, kadın ve erkek arasında yasal ve duygusal bağların mahkeme kararı ile son bulması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Türkiye’de boşanma oranlarının yıldan yıla arttığı gözlemlense ve bu durum medya ve siyasi aktörler tarafından ön plana çıkarılıyor olsa da, Batı ülkelerine kıyasla boşanma oranlarının düşük seyretmeye devam ettiği gözlemlenmektedir. 2019 Eurostat verilerine göre, Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde 2015 yılında her 100 evlilikten 43’ünün boşanma ile sonuçlandığı gözlemlenirken; Türkiye’de ise aynı yıl her 100 evlilikten 21’inin boşanma ile sonuçlandığı görülmektedir. Boşanma oranlarının düşük seyretmesinin nedeninin, Türkiye’de daha mutlu evliliklerin gerçekleştiği varsayımıyla açıklanamayacağına dikkat çekerek ve medyada sıklıkla karşılaşılan kadın cinayetleri de göz önünde bulundurularak, bu çalışmada Türkiye’de boşanamayan kadınların varlığına dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Boşanan ve boşanamayan kadınların hangi parametrelere göre karar verdiklerinin incelendiği bu çalışmada; boşanan ve boşanamayan kadınların yapabilirlikleri ve süreç içerisinde yaşadıkları deneyimler “yapabilirlik yaklaşımı” çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Yapabilirlik yaklaşımına ek olarak, boşanmayı düşünme / boşanmaya karar verme sürecinde psiko-sosyal faktörlerin de etkili olduğu görüldüğünden, kadınların yapabilirliklerinin belirli psiko-sosyal kavramlar çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi de amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada karma yöntemli araştırma metodu kullanılarak, boşanan ve boşanamayan kadınların yapabilirliklerinin eyleme geçiş ve geçemeyişlerine olan etkisi hem nicel hem de niteliksel bulgularla incelenmiştir. Türkiye’de ikamet eden 2297 kadının katılım sağladığı anket çalışması internet ortamı üzerinden paylaşılmış ve gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ankete katılım sağlayan ve mülakata katılım sağlamak isteyenler arasından 10 kişi seçilerek yine internet üzerinden görüntülü konuşma yöntemiyle yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat gerçekleştirilmiş ve böylelikle anket verilerinin mülakatlarda paylaşılan yaşam hikayeleri ile desteklenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; kadınların farklı alanlardaki yapabilirliklerinin ve benlik gelişimlerinin (özerk benlik / ilişkisel benlik) boşanabilmelerine veya boşanamamalarına doğrudan etkisi olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Hakim toplumsal yapı ve toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargılarının sonucu olarak, kadınların yapabilirlik yoksunluğu yaşadıkları görülürken, bu yoksunluğun onların kendi hayatları adına seçim yapamamalarını etkilediği görülmektedir. Ayrıca, araştırma bulguları çerçevesinde çocuk sahibi olma; gelir ve çalışma durumu; gelecek, pişman olma ve başarısızlık kaygısı; geniş ailenin tutumu; fiziksel ve duygusal şiddet; kadınların kendilerini güvensiz hissetmesi ve yaşamlarında kendileri olarak özgürce var olamamaları gibi faktörlerin kadınların boşanabilme ve boşanamama durumlarını doğrudan etkilediği gözlemlenmiştir.
Divorce is defined in Turkey as the termination of legal and emotional ties between women and men by the court order; and the divorce rate in Turkey seems to be increasing from year to year. Although, this situation is repeatedly emphasized by the media and political actors, it is observed that the divorce rate in Turkey is still low when compared to the Western countries. According to the 2019 Eurostat data, 43 out of every 100 marriages resulted in divorce in the European Union countries in 2015. As to the rates for Turkey for the same year, 25 out of every 100 marriages result in divorce. However, the lower divorce rates in Turkey, compared to the West, cannot be easily explained by the assumption of more happy marriages. When the lower divorce rates and the problem of the murders of women are taken into account together; it appears more important to emphasize the existence of women in Turkey who cannot get divorced. This research study aims to understand the decision-making parameters of the women who are able to get divorced and the women who cannot get divorced although they want to. These different parameters of decision making process are analyzed within the framework of the capability approach and by focusing on the capabilities and experiences of the women who are able to get divorced and who cannot get divorced. In addition to the capability approach, since the decision making process is also based on psycho-social factors, the capabilities of women will also be examined with the use of certain psycho-social notions. In this study, mixed methods have been used as a research method and the effects of capabilities on the decision making process of divorced and non-divorced women have been observed by both quantitative and qualitative methods. 2297 women participated in the survey which was shared and conducted through the internet. 10 people were selected from among the participants of the survey, who had declared that they wanted to participate in an interview. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via video-based speech via the internet. Thus, the survey data were intended to be supported by the life stories collected through interviews. According to the findings of the study; it is observed that the capabilities of women in different areas and their self-development (as autonomous self versus relational self) have a direct effect on their ability to get divorced. As a result of dominant social structures and gender stereotypes, it is observed that women experience deprivation of capabilities and such deprivation directly affects their ability to make their own choices for their own life. In addition, the research findings underline a number of factors that directly affect the ability of women to get divorced: having children; employment and income status; anxieties about the future, possibility to feel regrets and failure; the attitude of the family; physical and emotional violence; feeling insecure; and their inability to exist freely and as themselves in their lives.
Divorce is defined in Turkey as the termination of legal and emotional ties between women and men by the court order; and the divorce rate in Turkey seems to be increasing from year to year. Although, this situation is repeatedly emphasized by the media and political actors, it is observed that the divorce rate in Turkey is still low when compared to the Western countries. According to the 2019 Eurostat data, 43 out of every 100 marriages resulted in divorce in the European Union countries in 2015. As to the rates for Turkey for the same year, 25 out of every 100 marriages result in divorce. However, the lower divorce rates in Turkey, compared to the West, cannot be easily explained by the assumption of more happy marriages. When the lower divorce rates and the problem of the murders of women are taken into account together; it appears more important to emphasize the existence of women in Turkey who cannot get divorced. This research study aims to understand the decision-making parameters of the women who are able to get divorced and the women who cannot get divorced although they want to. These different parameters of decision making process are analyzed within the framework of the capability approach and by focusing on the capabilities and experiences of the women who are able to get divorced and who cannot get divorced. In addition to the capability approach, since the decision making process is also based on psycho-social factors, the capabilities of women will also be examined with the use of certain psycho-social notions. In this study, mixed methods have been used as a research method and the effects of capabilities on the decision making process of divorced and non-divorced women have been observed by both quantitative and qualitative methods. 2297 women participated in the survey which was shared and conducted through the internet. 10 people were selected from among the participants of the survey, who had declared that they wanted to participate in an interview. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via video-based speech via the internet. Thus, the survey data were intended to be supported by the life stories collected through interviews. According to the findings of the study; it is observed that the capabilities of women in different areas and their self-development (as autonomous self versus relational self) have a direct effect on their ability to get divorced. As a result of dominant social structures and gender stereotypes, it is observed that women experience deprivation of capabilities and such deprivation directly affects their ability to make their own choices for their own life. In addition, the research findings underline a number of factors that directly affect the ability of women to get divorced: having children; employment and income status; anxieties about the future, possibility to feel regrets and failure; the attitude of the family; physical and emotional violence; feeling insecure; and their inability to exist freely and as themselves in their lives.
