Türk hukukunda ödeme kuruluşlarının regülasyonu
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET: Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte, elektronik ortamda gerçekleşen ödemeler günlük hayatın vazgeçilmez bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Elektronik ödemelerin daha sık tercih edilir hale gelmesi, elektronik ödeme altyapılarına olan talebi arttırmış, bu artış ödeme hizmetleri sektöründeki gelişimi desteklemiş ve desteklenen bu gelişim süreci ödeme hizmetleri sektöründe yeni paydaşların ve iş modellerinin ortaya çıkmasına vesile olmuştur. Günümüzde ödeme hizmetleri sektöründe bankalar haricinde faaliyet gösteren ödeme hizmeti sağlayıcıları bulunmaktadır. Bu ödeme hizmeti sağlayıcılarından biri de esasen gönderici ile alıcı arasında gerçekleştirilen ödeme işlemine aracılık faaliyeti yürüten ve bu kapsamda ödeme hizmeti sağlamak konusunda faaliyet izni almış finansal teknoloji kuruluşları olan ödeme kuruluşlarıdır. Ödeme hizmetlerinin gelişimi karşısında ortaya çıkan ödeme hizmeti kullanıcılarının haklarının korunması, olası istismarının engellenmesi ve sektöre olan güvenin korunması ihtiyacının bir sonucu olarak ödeme hizmetleri sektörünü Avrupa Birliği’nde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de yasal olarak düzenlenmiştir. Türkiye’deki yasal düzenlemeler sonrası ödeme kuruluşları, faaliyetlerini 6493 s. Kanun çerçevesinde ve TCMB denetim ve gözetiminde sürdürmektedir. Çalışma dört bölümden meydana gelmektedir. İlk bölümde; ödeme hizmetlerinin AB hukukundaki tarihsel gelişimi ve hukuki regülasyonu incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde; ödeme kuruluşlarının Türk Hukukunda tabi olduğu düzenlemeler, kamu kurumlarının bu kapsamdaki yetkileri ve ödeme kuruluşlarının faaliyet esasları ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde; 6493 s. Kanun ile düzenlenen kabahat ve suçlara değinilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde ise 01.12.2021 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren yönetmeliğin ödeme kuruluşları bakımından getirdiği yenilikler ve ödeme hizmetleri sektöründeki güncel tartışmalar incelenmiştir.
ABSTRACT: In accordance with the development of technology, electronic payments have become an indispensable part of daily life. The fact that electronic payments have become more preferred has increased the demand for electronic payment infrastructures, this increase has supported the development in the payment services sector, and this supported development process has led to the emergence of new partners and business models in the payment services sector. Today, apart from banks, there are payment service providers operating in the payment services sector. One of these payment service providers is payment institutions that are essentially financial technology institutions that act as an intermediary in the payment transaction completed between the sender and the receiver and hast an operating permission to provide payment services in this scope. As a result of the need to protect the rights of payment service users, prevent possible abuses, and to protect the trust in the sector, which emerged in relation with the development of payment services, the payment services sector has been regulated legally in Türkiye as well as in the European Union. Payment institutions continue their operations within the framework of the Law No. 6493 and under the audit and supervision of the CBRT following legal regulations made in Türkiye. The study consists of four parts. In the first part; The historical development and legal regulation of payment services in EU law are examined. In the second part; The regulations that payment institutions are subject to in Turkish Law, the public institutions authorized in this context and the operating principles of payment institutions are discussed. In the third part; Misdemeanors and crimes regulated by Law No. 6493 are mentioned. In the fourth part, the arrangements came into force on 01.12.2021 with the regulation in terms of payment institutions and current discussions in the payment services sector are examined.
ABSTRACT: In accordance with the development of technology, electronic payments have become an indispensable part of daily life. The fact that electronic payments have become more preferred has increased the demand for electronic payment infrastructures, this increase has supported the development in the payment services sector, and this supported development process has led to the emergence of new partners and business models in the payment services sector. Today, apart from banks, there are payment service providers operating in the payment services sector. One of these payment service providers is payment institutions that are essentially financial technology institutions that act as an intermediary in the payment transaction completed between the sender and the receiver and hast an operating permission to provide payment services in this scope. As a result of the need to protect the rights of payment service users, prevent possible abuses, and to protect the trust in the sector, which emerged in relation with the development of payment services, the payment services sector has been regulated legally in Türkiye as well as in the European Union. Payment institutions continue their operations within the framework of the Law No. 6493 and under the audit and supervision of the CBRT following legal regulations made in Türkiye. The study consists of four parts. In the first part; The historical development and legal regulation of payment services in EU law are examined. In the second part; The regulations that payment institutions are subject to in Turkish Law, the public institutions authorized in this context and the operating principles of payment institutions are discussed. In the third part; Misdemeanors and crimes regulated by Law No. 6493 are mentioned. In the fourth part, the arrangements came into force on 01.12.2021 with the regulation in terms of payment institutions and current discussions in the payment services sector are examined.
