Sanatoryumdan akıl hastanesine: Erenköy Sağlık Yerleşkesi'nin tarihi (1932-2018)
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Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Erenköy Sağlık Yerleşkesi’nin tarihini gün yüzüne çıkarmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, 1932 yılında açılan Erenköy Sanatoryumu’nun 1977 yılında Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu’na devredilerek SSK Akıl Hastanesi’ne dönüştürülmesi, 2005 yılında ise SSK’dan Sağlık Bakanlığı’na devredilerek günümüzde de faaliyetine devam eden Erenköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine dönüşümü incelenmektedir. Sağlık yerleşkesinin yaklaşık 90 yıllık tarihi, bu üç önemli dönem ve dönüşüm bağlamında ele alınmaktadır. Erken Cumhuriyet döneminin en önemli sağlık sorunlarından biri olan verem (tüberküloz) ile mücadelenin bir parçası olarak açılan Erenköy Sanatoryumu dönemin tedavi anlayışı doğrultusunda inşa edilmiş özgün yapılar topluluğudur. Mimari özelliklerinden tedavi yöntemlerine kadar hemen her alanda tek bir soruna cevap vermek için hizmete açılmış olan Erenköy Sanatoryumu’nun, ruh ve sinir hastalıkları hastanesine dönüşüm süreci bu çalışmada, hem yerleşkenin dönüşümü hem de bu dönüşümün ve kurumun tarihsel hafızasının kurum çalışanları tarafından ne şekilde deneyimlenip hatırlandığına odaklanmaktadır. Erenköy Sağlık Yerleşkesinin sanatoryum döneminden kalma tarihi binaları ve çam ağaçlarıyla kaplı geniş bahçesiyle İstanbul’un özgün hastanelerinden ve tarihsel mekanlarından biri olmayı sürdürmektedir. Sanatoryum yıllarında birbiri ardına açılan binalarla genişleyen yerleşke ve üzerinde kurulu olduğu çamlık arazi özellikle sanatoryum sonrası yıllarda dönüşümüne uğramış, sanatoryumdan farklı olarak akıl hastanesinin güvenlik endişeleri nedeniyle alınmış tedbirlerle yapısal dönüşümler geçirmiş, yeni set duvarlar oluşturulmuş ve binaların geniş balkonlu güneşlenme alanları, balkonsuz kapalı servislere evrilmiştir. Şüphesiz Erenköy Sağlık Yerleşkesinin tarihi aynı zamanda tüberküloz, göğüs hastalıkları ve akıl hastalıkları tarihi açısından önemli bir mekândır. Mekân düzenlemeleri ve dönüşümleri dönemin tıbbi, siyasal ve toplumsal bağlamları içerisinden şekillenmiş uygulamalardır. Bu çalışma söz konusu tarihsel ve mekânsal hafızayı vii eldeki kaynaklar ve imkânlar ölçüsünde ortaya çıkarmayı ve tartışmayı hedeflemektedir.
This work aims to unearth the history of Erenköy Health Campus. For this purpose, with the help of the discipline of the medical history, the transformation of Erenköy Sanatorium first to a psychiatric and mental illness hospital and then to a training and research hospital were examined and the effects of the transformation processes on the corporate culture were investigated. Erenköy Sanatorium was in fact first established for the treatment of such a specific disease such as tuberculosis and was in service to answer to this single problem (tuberculosis) in almost every field from architectural features to the treatment methods. In this study, the process of its transformation to a psychiatric and mental illness hospital was analyzed in detail by referring to both legal documents and long-term testimonies of the employees of the institution. With its long history, Erenköy Health Campus is serving in the center of İstanbul, and is still one of the most trustable hospitals in country on the field of first tuberculosis and then for the treatment of mental illness problems, which need the most elaborate treatment among other medical studies. The campus was founded in 1932 as Sanatorium and in 1977 it was transformed to a psychiatric and mental illness hospital. The hospital served under the Social Insurance Institution until 2006 and then transferred to the Ministry of Health and became a training and research hospital. With its and big garden with pine trees, Sanatorium continues to be one of the important values of İstanbul. After the transformation to a mental hospital, the buildings and the garden underwent structural transformation considering the safety of the patients, for example the sunbathing areas of the buildings transformed into indoor services without balcony. Today, as a training and research hospital, it has continued its services in cooperation with other hospitals operating in this field; has provided both inpatient and outpatient treatment. In addition to all these, with its trained psychiatrists it provides valuable contributions to this important field that the country needs.
This work aims to unearth the history of Erenköy Health Campus. For this purpose, with the help of the discipline of the medical history, the transformation of Erenköy Sanatorium first to a psychiatric and mental illness hospital and then to a training and research hospital were examined and the effects of the transformation processes on the corporate culture were investigated. Erenköy Sanatorium was in fact first established for the treatment of such a specific disease such as tuberculosis and was in service to answer to this single problem (tuberculosis) in almost every field from architectural features to the treatment methods. In this study, the process of its transformation to a psychiatric and mental illness hospital was analyzed in detail by referring to both legal documents and long-term testimonies of the employees of the institution. With its long history, Erenköy Health Campus is serving in the center of İstanbul, and is still one of the most trustable hospitals in country on the field of first tuberculosis and then for the treatment of mental illness problems, which need the most elaborate treatment among other medical studies. The campus was founded in 1932 as Sanatorium and in 1977 it was transformed to a psychiatric and mental illness hospital. The hospital served under the Social Insurance Institution until 2006 and then transferred to the Ministry of Health and became a training and research hospital. With its and big garden with pine trees, Sanatorium continues to be one of the important values of İstanbul. After the transformation to a mental hospital, the buildings and the garden underwent structural transformation considering the safety of the patients, for example the sunbathing areas of the buildings transformed into indoor services without balcony. Today, as a training and research hospital, it has continued its services in cooperation with other hospitals operating in this field; has provided both inpatient and outpatient treatment. In addition to all these, with its trained psychiatrists it provides valuable contributions to this important field that the country needs.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Erenköy Sanatoryumu, Erenköy Akıl Hastanesi, Verem, Erenköy Sanatorium, Erenköy Mental Hospital, Tuberculosis, Oral History, Institutional History, Sözlü Tarih, Kurum Tarihi
