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    Bactericidal and in vitro osteogenic activity of nano sized cobalt-doped silicate hydroxyapatite
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Alshemary, Ammar Z.; Hussain, Rafaqat; Dalgic, Ali Deniz; Evis, Zafer
    Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles with enhanced antibacterial properties can be prepared by integrating metal ions into the crystal structure of the nanoparticles. Cobalt and silicate ions containing HA (Co/Si-HA) with the formula Ca10-xCox(PO4)(6-y)(SiO4)(y)(OH)(2) (x = 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 and y = 0.5) was successfully synthesised by using microwave-assisted wet precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) techniques were used to characterise the synthesised nanoparticles. The results revealed that the incorporation of SiO44- ions increased the lattice parameters and decreased the crystallite size of HA. However, the incorporation of Co(2+)ions led to the reduction of lattice parameters and the particle size of the SiHA nanoparticles. In vitro antibacterial activity of materials was evaluated using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) protocols. The findings indicated that incorporating Co2+ ions into SiHA inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The cytotoxicity of materials evaluated using the Sarcoma osteogenic (Saos-2) cell line revealed that they were cytocompatible and exhibited no adverse side effects. The osteogenic differentiation of cells was confirmed by the significant increase in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity by incorporating Co2+/SiO44- ions into the HA crystal structure. Our results show that the nanoparticles prepared in this study have a promising future in biomaterial-tissue engineering applications.
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    Graphene oxide reinforced doped dicalcium phosphate bone cements for bone tissue regenerations
    (Springer, 2022) Motameni, Ali; Alshemary, Ammar Z.; Dalgic, Ali Deniz; Keskin, Dilek; Evis, Zafer
    Artificial bone cements have widespread applications in orthopedic and dental surgeries. Nevertheless, there is a need to develop novel materials for artificial bone cements due to limitations like short-service life, weak interaction and attachment with living hard tissue, and the inability to facilitate bone regeneration of calcified tissues rather than replacing them. In the present research, a novel combination of lanthanum (La3+) ions doped dicalcium phosphate (DCP) (La-DCP) and 1.5-3.5 wt.% of graphene oxide (GO) doped La-DCP bone cement materials were successfully synthesized and reported for the first time. Acid/base interaction between La-beta-tricalcium phosphate (La-beta TCP) and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) in the presence of water was the basis for making the La-DCP cements. The synthesized cements were characterized using the XRD, FTIR, FESEM, UV-Vis and TGA techniques. Produced material had La-DCP as in the monetite phase, and La-DCP particles were formed in agglomerates of irregular shapes. The presence of GO enhanced the growth rate of monetite particles, significantly decreased the setting time of the La-DCP bone cement, enhanced mechanical properties and enhanced the adsorption capacity of La-DCP. In vitro studies showed that synthesized GO/La-DCP bone cements were biocompatible, and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cells were significantly improved with the addition of GO. In summary, the synthesized GO/La-DCP bone cement materials, which exhibit good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, have the potential to be employed in bone defect healing.