Determinants of overeducation for countries from macroeconomic perspective
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Eğitim hem bireysel hem de toplumsal hayatın aynı anda kalitesini artırırken bir yandan da ülkelerin ve dünyanın gelişimi için üretkenliği artıran en temel niteliklerden biridir. Bu yüzden bireyler zihinsel gelişimleri ve refahları için eğitime önem verirken ülkeler de ekonomik kapasitelerini artırmak ve ekonomik büyümeyi sürekli kılmak için eğitime son derece önem vermiş ve bu konuda yatırımlarını her geçen gün artırmıştır. İş gücü piyasalarını birebir ilgilendiren ve karşılıklı etkinin oluştuğu eğitim ve iş uyumu konsepti bu tezin odak noktasındadır. Farkedilmiştir ki bireylerin eğitiminde yaşanan son yüzyıldaki hızlı yükseliş, işgücü piyasalarında çeşitli sebeplerle yaptığı işe göre aşırıeğitimli bireylerin sayısında bir artışa sebep olmuş ve bu artık bir toplumsal sorun haline gelmiştir. Aşırıeğitimin tespiti için yapılan çeşitli mikro veriye dayalı çalışmaların yanısıra tüm dünyanın ortak sorunu haline gelen bu kavramın hangi ortak makro verilerden kaynaklandığının tespiti üzerine çalışılmıştır. 29 ülke ve 20 yıllık dengeli panel veri seti ILO, OECD ve World Bank gibi güvenilir veri sağlayıcılarının katkılarıyla oluşturulurken ülke yapıları ve coğrafik dağılım açısından her türden ülke seçmeye dikkat edilmiştir. Küresel sorunlardan biri haline gelen göçmen sorunu da değişken olarak veri setine dahil edilmiş ve nasıl etki edeceği merak edilmiştir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak istatistiki testlerin sonucunda Panel Least Squares metodu içerisinde fixed effect modelin doğru sonuç ürettiği tespit edilmiştir. Fixed effect sonuçlarına göre 9 adet makro değişken, ülke nüfusundan çalışan kesmin harcadığı emeğe, ülke gelirinden elde ettiği paya, bireylerin genel refahına ve ekonomik büyümeye kadar çeşitli makro verilerin aşırıeğitim üzerindeki etkileri tespit edilmiştir.
While education increases the quality of both individual and social life at the same time, it is one of the most basic qualities that increases productivity for the development of countries and the world. Therefore, while individuals attach importance to education for their mental development and well-being, countries have given great importance to education in order to increase their economic capacity and sustain economic growth, and have increased their investments in this regard day by day. The concept of education and job harmony, which is directly related to the labor market and where mutual influence occurs, is the focus of this thesis. It has been noticed that the rapid rise in the education of individuals in the last century has caused an increase in the number of overeducated individuals in the labor market for various reasons, and this has now become a social problem. In addition to various micro-data-based studies for the detection of overeducation, it has been studied to determine from which common macro data this concept, which has become a common problem of the whole world, originates. While the balanced panel data set of 29 countries and 20 years was created with the contributions of reliable data providers such as ILO, OECD and World Bank, care was taken to select all kinds of countries in terms of country structures and geoFigureal distribution. The immigration problem, which has become one of the global problems, was also included in the data set as a variable and it was wondered how it would affect it. As a method in the study, as a result of statistical tests, it was determined that the fixed effect model produced correct results in the Panel Least Squares method. According to the fixed effect results, the effects of 9 macro variables, from the country population to the labor of the working people for the total population, to the share of the workers from the country's income, to the general welfare of individuals and the contribution of economic growth to the problem, on overeducation have been determined.
While education increases the quality of both individual and social life at the same time, it is one of the most basic qualities that increases productivity for the development of countries and the world. Therefore, while individuals attach importance to education for their mental development and well-being, countries have given great importance to education in order to increase their economic capacity and sustain economic growth, and have increased their investments in this regard day by day. The concept of education and job harmony, which is directly related to the labor market and where mutual influence occurs, is the focus of this thesis. It has been noticed that the rapid rise in the education of individuals in the last century has caused an increase in the number of overeducated individuals in the labor market for various reasons, and this has now become a social problem. In addition to various micro-data-based studies for the detection of overeducation, it has been studied to determine from which common macro data this concept, which has become a common problem of the whole world, originates. While the balanced panel data set of 29 countries and 20 years was created with the contributions of reliable data providers such as ILO, OECD and World Bank, care was taken to select all kinds of countries in terms of country structures and geoFigureal distribution. The immigration problem, which has become one of the global problems, was also included in the data set as a variable and it was wondered how it would affect it. As a method in the study, as a result of statistical tests, it was determined that the fixed effect model produced correct results in the Panel Least Squares method. According to the fixed effect results, the effects of 9 macro variables, from the country population to the labor of the working people for the total population, to the share of the workers from the country's income, to the general welfare of individuals and the contribution of economic growth to the problem, on overeducation have been determined.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Finansal Ekonomi Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ekonometri, Econometrics, Ekonomi
