Zorla kaybetme suçu
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Uluslararası Sözleşmelerde ve yargı kararlarında ifade edildiği biçimiyle zorla kaybetme kişinin devlet görevlilerince veya devletin yetkilendirmesi, desteği yahut göz yummasıyla başkaca kişi veya kişi grupları tarafından çeşitli şekillerde özgürlüğünden yoksun bırakılması, ardından bu durumun reddedilmesi veya kaybedilen kişinin akıbetinin ya da nerede olduğunun gizlenmesiyle hukukun koruması dışına çıkarılmasıdır. Dünya tarihine Nazi rejiminin 1941 yılında uygulamaya koyduğu Gece ve Sis (Nacht und Nebel) Kararnamesiyle girmiş, 1990'lı yıllara gelindiğinde ise dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde yaygın ve sistematik bir uygulama şeklinde kendisini göstermiştir. Yaygınlaşan bu uygulama karşısında uluslararası hukuk mekanizmaları devreye girmiş, zorla kaybetmenin tanımlanması, suç olarak kabul edilmesi, faillerin cezasız kalmaması, benzer olaylarının tekrarlanmaması ve mağdurların gerçeğe erişme ve tazminat haklarının korunması adına birçok çalışma yapılmış, bildiri ve sözleşmeler kabul edilmiş yine zorla kaybetmeler uluslararası ve bölgesel mahkemelerin yargı kararlarına konu edilmiştir. Türkiye'de ise kamuoyunda "gözaltında kayıplar" olarak bilinen zorla kaybetmelere 1980 askeri darbe sonrası ve özellikle 1990'lı yıllarda bir devlet politikası olarak sıkça başvurulduğu ile ilgili iddialar ortaya atılmış, konu ile ilgili meclis komisyonları kurulmuş ve raporlar hazırlanmıştır. Ancak ne uluslararası hukuktaki gelişmeler ne de yapılan meclis çalışmaları ulusal hukukta zorla kaybetme suçunun kabul edilmesine ve ulusal düzenlemelerin uluslararası standartlara uygun hale getirilmesine sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu durum yargısal süreçler açısından da cezasızlık politikasının sürdürülmesine neden olmaktadır. Tezde öncelikle uluslararası hukukta zorla kaybetmeye dair düzenlemeler incelenmiş ardından Türkiye tarihinde zorla kaybetme olgusu, ulusal yargının tutumu ve cezasızlığa neden olan zamanaşımı uygulaması ele alınmıştır.
An enforced disappearance is broadly considered to be any form of deprivation of liberty by agents of the State or by persons or groups of persons acting with the authorization, support or acquiescence of the State, followed by a refusal that situation or by concealment of the fate or whereabouts of the disappeared person thereby placing them outside the protection of the law. It entered world history with the Night and Fog (Nacht und Nebel) Decree implemented by the Nazi regime in 1941, and by the 1990s, it had become a widespread and systematic practice in different parts of the world. In response to this widespread practice, international legal mechanisms have stepped in, many studies have been carried out, declarations and conventions have been adopted, and enforced disappearances have been the subject of judicial decisions of international and regional courts in order to define enforced disappearance, to recognize it as a crime, to prevent the perpetrators from going unpunished, to prevent similar incidents from recurring, and to protect the rights of victims to access the truth and compensation. In Turkey, allegations have been made that enforced disappearances, popularly known as "disappearances under custody", were frequently resorted to as a state policy after the 1980 military coup and especially in the 1990s, Parliamentary commissions were established and reports were prepared on these issues. However, neither the developments in international law nor the parliamentary studies have led to the recognition of the crime of enforced disappearance in national law and the harmonization of national regulations with international standards. This situation leads to the continuation of the policy of impunity in terms of judicial processes. In this thesis, firstly the regulations on enforced disappearance in international law are examined and then the phenomenon of enforced disappearance in the history of Turkey, the attitude of the national judiciary and the statute of limitations that causes impunity are discussed.
An enforced disappearance is broadly considered to be any form of deprivation of liberty by agents of the State or by persons or groups of persons acting with the authorization, support or acquiescence of the State, followed by a refusal that situation or by concealment of the fate or whereabouts of the disappeared person thereby placing them outside the protection of the law. It entered world history with the Night and Fog (Nacht und Nebel) Decree implemented by the Nazi regime in 1941, and by the 1990s, it had become a widespread and systematic practice in different parts of the world. In response to this widespread practice, international legal mechanisms have stepped in, many studies have been carried out, declarations and conventions have been adopted, and enforced disappearances have been the subject of judicial decisions of international and regional courts in order to define enforced disappearance, to recognize it as a crime, to prevent the perpetrators from going unpunished, to prevent similar incidents from recurring, and to protect the rights of victims to access the truth and compensation. In Turkey, allegations have been made that enforced disappearances, popularly known as "disappearances under custody", were frequently resorted to as a state policy after the 1980 military coup and especially in the 1990s, Parliamentary commissions were established and reports were prepared on these issues. However, neither the developments in international law nor the parliamentary studies have led to the recognition of the crime of enforced disappearance in national law and the harmonization of national regulations with international standards. This situation leads to the continuation of the policy of impunity in terms of judicial processes. In this thesis, firstly the regulations on enforced disappearance in international law are examined and then the phenomenon of enforced disappearance in the history of Turkey, the attitude of the national judiciary and the statute of limitations that causes impunity are discussed.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Hukuk Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hukuk, Law
