Reproducing the segregated city: The spatiality of COVID-19 pandemic in Bağcilar, İstanbul
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Yeni tip Korona virüs Covid-19 hem global hem de yerel ölçekte herkesi eşit derecede etkilemedi. Bu farklılık kendini mekânsal olarak gösterdi. Bazı bölgelerde Covid-19 pozitif vaka ve ölüm oranları daha yüksekken diğer bölgelerde böyle olmadığı görüldü. Bu durum ilk pozitif vakanın 2020 Mart ayında açıklandığı Türkiye için de geçerli oldu. İstanbul nüfus, ticaret ve sanayi yoğunluğu gibi sebeplerle pandeminin merkezi olurken, İstanbul'un tüm ilçeleri virüsten eşit derecede etkilenmedi. Hükümetin paylaştığı pandemi haritaları İstanbul'da bulaş oranının en yüksek olduğu ilçelerin sosyo-ekonomik olarak daha kırılgan bölgeler olduğunu gözler önüne serdi. Bağcılar da bu bölgelerden biri oldu. Birçok kurum ve akademisyen hükümeti aldığı önlemlerin yetersizliği açısından eleştirirken, ana akım medya ve hükümet yetkilileri bu ilçelerde yaşayanları sorumsuzlukla ve sosyal mesafe kurallarını hiçe saymakla suçladı. Bu iki zıt söylemin kapitalist üretim ilişkileri bakımından bağlantısını anlama çabası içinde bu tez pandemi sürecinde Covid-19'un Bağcılar'da yayılmasında rol oynayan sosyo-mekansal dinamikler nelerdir? sorusuna cevap bulmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma mekansallaşmayı ve mekânsal organizayonu kapitalist üretim ilişkilerinden ve bu ilişkilerin yarattığı güç dinamiklerinden ayrı düşünemeyeceğimizi savunan mekanın üretimi teorisinden faydalanmaktadır. Bu sebeple tez sorusu mekansallaşmanın diyalektiği bağlamında mekanın üretiminde rol oynayan tüm aktörlerin- devlet, sermaye ve toplum- rolünü tarihsel ve mekânsal olarak mercek altına almıştır. İstanbul'daki mekansal ayrışmanın mekan-zamansal sebepleri irdelenmiş, bu bağlamda Bağcıların geç dönem şehirleşme pratiklerinin altında yatan sebepler ve bunun sonuçlarının anlaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Öte yandan virüsün mekandaki eşitsiz yayılımı haritalar üzerinden incelenmiş bunun kapitalist şehirleşme, sosyal mekânsal ayrışma ile olan bağlantısı üzerinde durulmuştur. Etnografik yöntemlerden yararlanılarak bu süreçlerin bölge halkı üzerindeki etkisi, bölge halkının mekanla kurduğu ilişki irdelenmiştir. Pandeminin mekansallığına dair bu diyalektik ve çok boyutlu inceleme sonucunda kapitalist üretim ilişkileri ve güç ilişkileriyle şekillenen semtin sakinlerinin günlük hayatlarına kaldığı yerden devam ettiği ve böylelikle evde kalmamak ile evde kalamamak arasında ayrım yapmanın zor olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
The new coronavirus Covid-19 has not affected everyone equally, both globally and locally. This difference manifested itself spatially. While the rates of Covid-19 positive cases and deaths caused by the virus were higher in some regions, this was not the case in others. This was also valid for Turkey, where the first registered positive Covid-19 case was announced in March 2020. While Istanbul became the centre of the pandemic due to density of population, trade and industry, not all districts of Istanbul were equally affected. The pandemic maps shared by the government revealed that the districts with the highest infection rate in Istanbul are more vulnerable socio-economically. Bağcılar was one of them. While many institutions and academics criticized the government for the inadequacy of its measures, the mainstream media and government officials accused the residents of these districts of irresponsibility and disregarding the social distance rules. In an effort to understand the connection of these two opposing discourses in terms of capitalist production relations, this thesis addresses the question as to the socio-spatial dynamics that influenced the spread of Covid-19 in Bağcılar during the pandemic. This study uses the production of space theory, which argues that we cannot separate spatialization and spatial organization from capitalist production relations and the power dynamics created by these relations. For this reason, the thesis question focuses on the historical and spatial role of all actors – state, capital and society – that actively participated in the production of space. The spatio-temporal reasons for the spatial segregation in Istanbul were examined, and in this context, the reasons underlying the late urbanization of Bağcılar and its consequences are explored. On the other hand, the uneven spread of the virus in space was examined through maps, and its connection with capitalist urbanization and social, spatial segregation was emphasized. Using ethnographic methods, the effect of these processes on the people of the region and the relationship of the people of the region with the place are examined. As a result of this dialectical and multidimensional analysis of the spatiality of the pandemic, it was concluded that the residents of the district, which was shaped by the capitalist production relations and power relations, have continued their everyday life practices, and thus making a distinction between not staying at home and not being able to stay at home becomes complicated.
The new coronavirus Covid-19 has not affected everyone equally, both globally and locally. This difference manifested itself spatially. While the rates of Covid-19 positive cases and deaths caused by the virus were higher in some regions, this was not the case in others. This was also valid for Turkey, where the first registered positive Covid-19 case was announced in March 2020. While Istanbul became the centre of the pandemic due to density of population, trade and industry, not all districts of Istanbul were equally affected. The pandemic maps shared by the government revealed that the districts with the highest infection rate in Istanbul are more vulnerable socio-economically. Bağcılar was one of them. While many institutions and academics criticized the government for the inadequacy of its measures, the mainstream media and government officials accused the residents of these districts of irresponsibility and disregarding the social distance rules. In an effort to understand the connection of these two opposing discourses in terms of capitalist production relations, this thesis addresses the question as to the socio-spatial dynamics that influenced the spread of Covid-19 in Bağcılar during the pandemic. This study uses the production of space theory, which argues that we cannot separate spatialization and spatial organization from capitalist production relations and the power dynamics created by these relations. For this reason, the thesis question focuses on the historical and spatial role of all actors – state, capital and society – that actively participated in the production of space. The spatio-temporal reasons for the spatial segregation in Istanbul were examined, and in this context, the reasons underlying the late urbanization of Bağcılar and its consequences are explored. On the other hand, the uneven spread of the virus in space was examined through maps, and its connection with capitalist urbanization and social, spatial segregation was emphasized. Using ethnographic methods, the effect of these processes on the people of the region and the relationship of the people of the region with the place are examined. As a result of this dialectical and multidimensional analysis of the spatiality of the pandemic, it was concluded that the residents of the district, which was shaped by the capitalist production relations and power relations, have continued their everyday life practices, and thus making a distinction between not staying at home and not being able to stay at home becomes complicated.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Uluslararası Ekonomi Politikası Ana Bilim Dalı, Uluslararası Ekonomi Politikası Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kamu Yönetimi, Public Administration, Siyasal Bilimler
