Incoterms 2010 ve 2020 uyarınca CIF satışlar
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Milletlerarası ticaretin kökenleri oldukça eskiye dayanmakla beraber II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra giderek yoğunlaşmıştır. Buna binaen, ticarî hayatın güvenilirliğini sağlamak adına birtakım yeknesak kurallar tasarlanarak, meydana gelen uyuşmazlıkları minimize etmek ve düzen getirmek hedeflenmiştir. Bu kuralların zorunlu tutulması mümkün olmasa da, tacirler arasında sıkça başvurulduğunu söylemek yanlış olmaz. Bu minvalde tasarlanan yeknesak kurallardan biri de Milletlerarası Ticaret Odası tarafından hazırlanan Incoterms® kurallarıdır. Incoterms kurallarından bir tanesi ve bu çalışmanın da konusu olan CIF teslim, aynı olmamakla beraber benzer özellikleriyle çeşitli millet hukuklarında da cif satım olarak düzenleme alanı bulmuştur. Esasen eski Türk Ticaret Kanununda da düzenleme alanı bulan cif satış (sif satış olarak) Incoterms kurallarının sıkça güncellenmesi ve tacirlerin sözleşmelerde genellikle Incoterms kurallarına atıf yapmaları sebepleriyle ayrıca düzenlenmemiştir. Diğer millet hukuklarında da düzenlenen cif satışlar, benzerlikler gösterse de bazı yorum farklılıkları olabilmektedir. Incoterms kuralları belirli sınırlar çerçevesinde düzenleme getiren bir kural takımı olarak düşünülebilir. Bu anlamda malların satıcıdan alıcıya nasıl ulaştırılacağına dair sınırlar çizilerek, tarafların karşılıklı yükümlülüklerinden bahsedilir. CIF teslimin en belirgin özellikleri deniz taşımacılığına uygun olması, malların sigorta edilerek taşınması ve zincirleme satışa elverişli olmasıdır denilebilir. Bu çalışmada, milletlerarası sözleşmelerden bahsedilmiş, Incoterms kurallarının genel özelliklerine değinilmiş daha sonra Incoterms 2010 ve 2020 kuralları çerçevesinde CIF teslim şekli incelenmiş ve CIF satışlara dair yerli ve yabancı uyuşmazlıklardan bahsedilerek uygulamadan örnekler verilmiştir.
Although the roots of international trade date back to old times, after World War II capacity of international trade has increased sharply. Therefore, it has been aimed to minimize the conflicts and bring order by designing some uniform rules in order to ensure the reliability of commercial life. Although it is not possible to enforce these rules, it would not be wrong to say that they are frequently used by traders. In this respect, one of the uniform rules that has been designed is the Incoterms® rules which have been prepared by the International Chamber of Commerce. CIF delivery term, which is one of the rules of Incoterms and the subject of this study, has been regulated as cif sales in various national laws with similar features, although it is not totally same. In fact, CIF sales had been regulated in the older Turkish Commercial Code (as SIF sales) as well, however it has been abolished with the new Turkish Commercial Code. It had not been regulated in the new commercial code due to the reasons that Incoterms rules, which are the basis of the regulation, have been updated frequently and the fact that the parties often refer to the Incoterms rules. CIF sales which are regulated in other national law systems as well, have similarities although there may be differences in interpretation of it. Incoterms rules might be seen as set of rules which regulates delivery within certain limits. In this respect, boundaries are drawn regarding how the goods will be delivered from the seller to the buyer, and mutual obligations of the parties are described. The most distinctive features of CIF delivery are that it is suitable for sea transportation, that the goods are transported under insurance and it is suitable for string sale. In this study, international contracts and general features of Incoterms rules were stated, CIF delivery was examined within the scope of Incoterms 2010 and 2020 rules, and given examples from practise by mentioning domestic and international disputes regarding CIF sales.
Although the roots of international trade date back to old times, after World War II capacity of international trade has increased sharply. Therefore, it has been aimed to minimize the conflicts and bring order by designing some uniform rules in order to ensure the reliability of commercial life. Although it is not possible to enforce these rules, it would not be wrong to say that they are frequently used by traders. In this respect, one of the uniform rules that has been designed is the Incoterms® rules which have been prepared by the International Chamber of Commerce. CIF delivery term, which is one of the rules of Incoterms and the subject of this study, has been regulated as cif sales in various national laws with similar features, although it is not totally same. In fact, CIF sales had been regulated in the older Turkish Commercial Code (as SIF sales) as well, however it has been abolished with the new Turkish Commercial Code. It had not been regulated in the new commercial code due to the reasons that Incoterms rules, which are the basis of the regulation, have been updated frequently and the fact that the parties often refer to the Incoterms rules. CIF sales which are regulated in other national law systems as well, have similarities although there may be differences in interpretation of it. Incoterms rules might be seen as set of rules which regulates delivery within certain limits. In this respect, boundaries are drawn regarding how the goods will be delivered from the seller to the buyer, and mutual obligations of the parties are described. The most distinctive features of CIF delivery are that it is suitable for sea transportation, that the goods are transported under insurance and it is suitable for string sale. In this study, international contracts and general features of Incoterms rules were stated, CIF delivery was examined within the scope of Incoterms 2010 and 2020 rules, and given examples from practise by mentioning domestic and international disputes regarding CIF sales.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Ana Bilim Dalı, Hukuk Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hukuk, Law
