Milliyetçilik: Türkiye'de söylemsel ve söylemsel olmayan pratiklerde futbol örneği
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Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Fransız devrimi sonrası ulus- devletlerin inşasıyla ortaya çıkan milliyetçilik yaşamın her alanına yayılmaktadır. Futbol da milliyetçiliğin av sahalarından biridir. Temelleri İngiltere’de atılan modern futbol, milliyetçiliğin içselleştirilmesinde araçsallaştırılmıştır. Avrupa’da başlayan bu süreç Türkiye’de de yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışma, öncelikle milliyetçiliğin gelişimini ve bu gelişen milliyetçilik söylemlerinin Türk futbol tarihini nasıl etkilediğini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bunu yaparken ise Türk tarihini dönemselleştirme yolu seçilmiştir. İlk olarak milliyetçiliğin ortaya çıktığı Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son dönemi ele alınmıştır. Ardından erken cumhuriyet dönemine bakılıp futbolun tarih içindeki milliyetçi dönüşümü gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. 1980 sonrası dönemde değişen ekonomik ve siyasal düzenle beraber çıkan Avupa eksenli zenofobik söylemlere bakılmıştır. Son olarak, 1990 sonrasında yaşanan futbolda yükselen militarist, cinsiyetçi ve ırkçı hareketler gösterilerek, futbolun spor olmaktan öte, günlük yaşamımızı şekillendiren bir olgu olduğu iddia edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Milliyetçilik, Türkiye'de Futbol, Cinsiyetçilik, Irkçılık, Militarizm
Nationalism which was born out of the construction of the nation-states in the aftermath of the French Revolution has spread into all the domains of our life. Football is one of the hunting grounds of nationalism. Modern football, which was created in England is extensively utilized for the internalization of nationalism. This process, which first appeared in Europe, has eventually spread to Turkey as well. This work seeks to explain the development of nationalism and the ways through which these nationalist discourses affected the history of football in Turkey. Doing this, Turkish history has been evaluated based on different eras. Firstly, the last years of the Ottoman Empire which witnessed the birth of nationalism, is analyzed. Secondly, the early Republican era is scrutinized in order to Picture footballs nationalist transformation. The following part consists of the analysis of 1980s and changing economic and political platforms accompanied by the rise in xenophobic discourses throughout Europe. Finally, deriving examples from rising militarist, sexist and racist movements in football in the 1990s, the work attempts to convey that football is beyond a mere sport, and is rather a fact that is capable of shaping even our daily life. Key Words: Nationalism, Football in Turkey, Sexism, Racism, Militarism
Nationalism which was born out of the construction of the nation-states in the aftermath of the French Revolution has spread into all the domains of our life. Football is one of the hunting grounds of nationalism. Modern football, which was created in England is extensively utilized for the internalization of nationalism. This process, which first appeared in Europe, has eventually spread to Turkey as well. This work seeks to explain the development of nationalism and the ways through which these nationalist discourses affected the history of football in Turkey. Doing this, Turkish history has been evaluated based on different eras. Firstly, the last years of the Ottoman Empire which witnessed the birth of nationalism, is analyzed. Secondly, the early Republican era is scrutinized in order to Picture footballs nationalist transformation. The following part consists of the analysis of 1980s and changing economic and political platforms accompanied by the rise in xenophobic discourses throughout Europe. Finally, deriving examples from rising militarist, sexist and racist movements in football in the 1990s, the work attempts to convey that football is beyond a mere sport, and is rather a fact that is capable of shaping even our daily life. Key Words: Nationalism, Football in Turkey, Sexism, Racism, Militarism
