Medyada cinsiyetçi söylem: Toplumsal cinsiyetin popüler isimler bağlamında medya yansıması
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Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Egemen ideolojilerin taşınmasında ve pekişmesinde kilit role sahip olan medya, toplumsal yaşamın şekillenmesinde stratejik konumdadır. Bu çerçevede haber, diğer medya metinlerinden farklı olarak toplumsal rızanın oluşumunda etkili bir metindir. Haber, “gerçek”in olduğu gibi aktarıldığının kabul edildiği bir metindir. Günümüzde sermaye-medya-iktidar üçgeniyle tarif edilebilecek bir yapının parçası olan medya, güçlü olanın temsil edildiği bir alandır. Egemen ideolojinin dışında kalan medyada temsil edilmemekte ya da marjinalleştirilmektedir. Haber, egemen ideolojilerin taşındığı söyleme sahiptir. Bu perspektifle erkek egemen sistemde kadının medyada temsili de cinsiyetçidir. Medyada özellikle de haberlerde kadının temsilini ele alan araştırmalar, haberlerin cinsiyetçi kodlarla yapılandırılırken kadını zayıf, mağdur, ev içi bakımdan sorumlu, erkeği güçlü, çalışıp para kazanan kişi olarak gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Günümüz medyasında kadın ya temsil edilmemekte ya da toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin devamını sağlayacak şekilde yer almaktadır. Politika, siyaset haberlerinde (hard news) erkekler daha çok görünür olurken, yaşam, moda (soft news) içerikli haberlerde kadınlar dikkat çekmektedir. Toplumsal ve politik bir gerçek olan kadına yönelik şiddetin medyada haberleştirilmesi yine cinsiyetçi yaklaşımla gerçekleşmektedir. Son yıllarda nicelik olarak bakıldığında kadına yönelik şiddet haberlerinin medyaya yansımasında kayda değer bir artış dikkat çekmektedir. Ancak haberin dili, sunuş biçimi, olayın toplumsal ve politik yanı dikkate alınmadan, şiddet sıradanlaştırılarak, şiddetin detayları etik kurallar dikkate alınmadan sunulmaktadır. Kadın şiddetin kurbanı olarak temsil edilmektedir. Kadınlar bu haberlerde acınacak durumda gösterilirken, şiddeti gerekçelendirmeye yönelik içerikler dikkat çekmektedir. Yayın çizgisi, sahiplik yapısı gibi unsurlar değişse de medya organlarının haberlerde kadın temsilinde benzer çizgide oldukları görülmektedir. Gerek kullandıkları dil gerekse olayı daha sansasyonel gösterme tercihi bu çalışmada ele alınan iki gazete de dikkat çekmektedir.
With a key role in conveying and reinforcing dominant ideologies, media has a strategic position in terms of shaping the social life. Accordingly, news is an effective text for the formation of social acquiescence. News is a text with which the “truth” is accepted to have been conveyed as is. Media that has a structure definable through the trio of capital-media-ruling party is an area where the powerful one is represented today. The ones remaining outside the dominant ideology are not represented in media or become marginalized. News has a discourse where the dominant ideologies are conveyed. In such perspective, representation of women in media is gender-oriented in a male-dominant system. The studies concerning the representation of women in media, particularly in news, indicate that newscasts are structured through gender-oriented codes and they show women as passive and male-dependent individuals and men as strong ones. In today’s media, women either are not represented or take place in it in the manner that they will ensure the continuity of the gender roles. While males appear more in the news oriented to politics (hard news), women invite attention more in the news with the content concerning life (soft news). Reporting violence against women that is a social and political reality as news in media takes place also through a gender-oriented approach. In terms of figures, a noteworthy increase in the reflection of news regarding violence against women into the media in the recent years attracts attention. However, when it comes to the manner of presenting the news, it is conducted without considering the social and political side of the respective incident, by banalizing violence, and not considering the ethical rules concerning the details of the violence. Women are represented as the victim of violence. They are shown in a lamentable state in those newcasts and contents toward the justification of violence draw attention. It appears that even if their manner of broadcasting, ownership structure etc. varies, media organs are acting in a similar fashion in the case of representation of women in news. Both the language they use and preference of showing the respective incident as more sensational are apparent in two newspapers included in this study.
With a key role in conveying and reinforcing dominant ideologies, media has a strategic position in terms of shaping the social life. Accordingly, news is an effective text for the formation of social acquiescence. News is a text with which the “truth” is accepted to have been conveyed as is. Media that has a structure definable through the trio of capital-media-ruling party is an area where the powerful one is represented today. The ones remaining outside the dominant ideology are not represented in media or become marginalized. News has a discourse where the dominant ideologies are conveyed. In such perspective, representation of women in media is gender-oriented in a male-dominant system. The studies concerning the representation of women in media, particularly in news, indicate that newscasts are structured through gender-oriented codes and they show women as passive and male-dependent individuals and men as strong ones. In today’s media, women either are not represented or take place in it in the manner that they will ensure the continuity of the gender roles. While males appear more in the news oriented to politics (hard news), women invite attention more in the news with the content concerning life (soft news). Reporting violence against women that is a social and political reality as news in media takes place also through a gender-oriented approach. In terms of figures, a noteworthy increase in the reflection of news regarding violence against women into the media in the recent years attracts attention. However, when it comes to the manner of presenting the news, it is conducted without considering the social and political side of the respective incident, by banalizing violence, and not considering the ethical rules concerning the details of the violence. Women are represented as the victim of violence. They are shown in a lamentable state in those newcasts and contents toward the justification of violence draw attention. It appears that even if their manner of broadcasting, ownership structure etc. varies, media organs are acting in a similar fashion in the case of representation of women in news. Both the language they use and preference of showing the respective incident as more sensational are apparent in two newspapers included in this study.
