The Nationalist perceptions on intellectual in Turkey, 1960-1980
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Tarih
2012
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Düşünce tarihinde entelektüelliğin anlamı ve entelektüellerin fonksiyonu üzerine varılan bazı kesin yargılara rağmen, bu kavramlar hala müphemliklerini koruyor. Batı kaynaklı bir kavram olarak entelektüel, genel olarak `akıl', `zeka', `kavrayış' gibi kelimelerle ilişkilendirildi ve `fikir adamı' anlamına geldi. Kelime olarak entelektüel, Türkçe'ye ilk ondokuzuncu yüzyılda `aydınlanmış' ya da `ışıklandırılmış' anlamına gelen Arapça bir kelime olan `münevver' olarak çevrildi ve daha sonrasında bu kelime Türkçe'de `aydın' olarak kullanıldı. Entelektüellik ve entelektüeller üzerine tartışmalar Batı'da özellikle yirminci yüzyılda çeşitlenmeye başladı. Karl Mannheim, Julien Benda, Antonio Gramsci, Jean-Paul Sartre, Michel Foucault, Noam Chomsky ve Edward Said gibi Batılı düşünürler yirminci yüzyılda bu tartışmalara önemli katkılarda bulundular. Genel olarak, bu düşünürler entelektüelleri `hakikate ulaşmak ve hakikati konuşmak', `otoritenin eleştirisi', `iktidara karşı halkı savunmak' ve benzeri kavramlar bakımından tartıştılar ve entelektüelin daha çok `eleştirel' ve `karşı koyucu' tarafını vurguladılar. Aynı zamanda, bu tartışmalar Türkiye'de de yapıldı. Fakat birçok milliyetçi düşünür entelektüel üzerine algılamalarını `Türk milliyetçisi olmak', `İslami ahlak değerlerini benimsemek', `Türklüğün yararına çalışmak' vb. farklı bakımdan ifade etti. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de milliyetçi düşünürlerin entelektüel üzerine algılamalarını, milliyetçi hareketlerin bir hayli arttığı 1960 ve 1980 arası dönemde, Batı'daki algılamalarla karşılaştırarak analiz etmektir.
Despite some definitive judgements that were passed in the history of thought on the meaning of intellectuality and function of intellectuals, these notions still preserve their vaguenesses. As a Western originated concept, intellectual was generally associated with the words like reason, intelligence, comprehension and meant `a man of thought. Intellectual as a word was translated into Turkish firstly in the nineteenth century as `münevver, an Arabic word which meant `enlightened or `illuminated and afterwards that word was used as `aydın in Turkish. Discussions on the concepts of intellectuality and intellectuals started to vary especially in the twentieth century, in the West. Important Western thinkers like Julien Benda, Karl Mannheim, Antonio Gramsci, Jean-Paul Sartre, Michel Foucault, Noam Chomsky and Edward Said made significant contributions to these discussions in the twentieth century. In general, these thinkers discussed intellectuals in terms of the concepts like `reaching and speaking the truth, `criticism of the authority, `defending the people against power? and the like and they emphasized more of a `critical? and `resistant? side of intellectual. At the same time, these discussions were made in Turkey as well. However, manynationalist thinkers expressed their perceptions on intellectual in different terms, such as `being a Turkish nationalist, `adoption of Islamic moral values, `working for the benefit of Turkishness etc. The aim of this study is to analyze the perceptions of nationalist thinkers on `intellectual in Turkey between 1960 and 1980, that is the decade of nationalist movements highly increased, by comparing with the perceptions in the West.
Despite some definitive judgements that were passed in the history of thought on the meaning of intellectuality and function of intellectuals, these notions still preserve their vaguenesses. As a Western originated concept, intellectual was generally associated with the words like reason, intelligence, comprehension and meant `a man of thought. Intellectual as a word was translated into Turkish firstly in the nineteenth century as `münevver, an Arabic word which meant `enlightened or `illuminated and afterwards that word was used as `aydın in Turkish. Discussions on the concepts of intellectuality and intellectuals started to vary especially in the twentieth century, in the West. Important Western thinkers like Julien Benda, Karl Mannheim, Antonio Gramsci, Jean-Paul Sartre, Michel Foucault, Noam Chomsky and Edward Said made significant contributions to these discussions in the twentieth century. In general, these thinkers discussed intellectuals in terms of the concepts like `reaching and speaking the truth, `criticism of the authority, `defending the people against power? and the like and they emphasized more of a `critical? and `resistant? side of intellectual. At the same time, these discussions were made in Turkey as well. However, manynationalist thinkers expressed their perceptions on intellectual in different terms, such as `being a Turkish nationalist, `adoption of Islamic moral values, `working for the benefit of Turkishness etc. The aim of this study is to analyze the perceptions of nationalist thinkers on `intellectual in Turkey between 1960 and 1980, that is the decade of nationalist movements highly increased, by comparing with the perceptions in the West.
