Hemodiyaliz hastalarının beslenme durumu ve beslenme bilgi düzeylerinin saptanması
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Kronik böbrek hastalıkları (KBH), morbidite ve mortalitesi yüksek, yaşam kalitesini düşüren ve sağlık bütçelerine ciddi yük oluşturan halk sağlığı sorunudur. Dünya genelinde 750 milyondan fazla insanın KBH nedeni tedavi gördüğü bilinmektedir. Hemodiyaliz tedavisi katabolik bir süreç olduğu için hastaların makro ve mikro besin ögesi ihtiyaçları artmaktadır. Bu nedenle doğru beslenme hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastalarda hastalığın seyrini olumlu etkilemektedir. Çalışmaya İstanbul ili Türk Böbrek Vakfı Ahmet Ermiş Diyaliz Merkezinde hemodiyaliz tedavisi gören ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 18-65 yaş aralığında 91 hasta alınmıştır. Katılımcıların %53'ü erkek olup yaş ortalamaları 53±10 yıldır. Kadınların beden kütle indeksleri (BKİ) ortalama 23,6 kg/m², erkeklerin 26,4 kg/m² bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların %75,8'i evlidir ve %83,5'u sigara kullanmamakta olup %41,8'i hipertansiyon, %35,2'si kardiyovasküler hastalık, %6,6'sı diyabet sebebi ile diyaliz tedavisi almaya başlamıştır. Katılımcıların çoğu 1-5 yıldır (%44,9) diyaliz tedavisine devam etmektedir. Tüm çalışma grubuna yetişkinler için beslenme bilgi düzeyi ölçeği (YETBİD) uygulanıp 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı (BEBİS) alınmış ve besin tüketim sıklığı anketi uygulanmıştır. Hastaların günlük kalori alımlarının ortalama 20 kkal/kg/gün olduğu bulunmuştur. Günlük enerjilerinin %41'ini karbonhidratlardan (CHO), %19'unu proteinlerden ve %40'ını yağlardan almaktadırlar. Aldıkları enerjiye göre makro besin öğesi dağılımları RDA önerilerine göre normal bulunmuştur ancak alım miktarları yetersizdir. Kadınların karbonhidrat, protein ve yağ alımları erkeklerinkinden anlamlı derecede düşük bulunmuştur (her biri için p=0.001). Erkek hastaların çoğunluğunun diyet uygulamadıklarını belirttikleri ancak YETBİD alt ölçeğindeki beslenme bilgi düzeyi bölümünde kadınlardan yüksek puan aldıkları bulunmuş olmakla beraber cinsiyetleri ile diyet uygulama durumları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Eğitim durumları yüksek olan katılımcıların beslenme bilgi düzeylerinin de yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur(p=0,091). Diyet eğitimi alıp doğru uygulayan hasta grubunun beslenme bilgi düzeyi ve besin tüketimlerinin diyet eğitimi almayan ve uygulamayan hasta grubundan anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0,03). Kronik böbrek yetmezliği olan bireylerde hemodiyalize girdikleri günlerde ve devamında doğru beslenmenin öneminin diyetisyen tarafından verilecek düzenli eğitimlerle hastalara anlatılması, beslenme bilgi düzeyinin attırılarak beslenme alışkanlıklarının doğru biçimde geliştirilmesini ve malnütrisyonun tetikleyebileceği sağlık sorunlarının azaltılması hedeflenmektedir.
Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is a public health problem with high morbidity and mortality, reducing the quality of life and creating a serious burden on health budgets. It is known that more than 750 million people worldwide receive treatment for the cause of CKD. Since hemodialysis treatment is a catabolic process, the macro and micronutrient needs of the patients increase. Therefore, proper nutrition positively affects the course of the disease in patients receiving hemodialysis treatment.The study included 91 patients aged between 18-65 years, who received hemodialysis treatment at the Turkish Kidney Foundation Ahmet Ermiş Dialysis Center in Istanbul and volunteered to participate in the study. 53% of the participants were male, 47% female. The mean age is 53±10. The average BMI of women was 23.6 kg/m² and men were 26.4 kg/m². 75.8% of the participants were married and 83.5% were non-smokers, 41.8% had hypertension, 35.2% had cardiovascular disease, 6.6% of them started to receive dialysis treatment because of diabetes. 44.9% of the participants were on dialysis for 1-5 years, 22.5% for 6-10 years, 32.6% for 11 years or more She continues her treatment. Nutritional knowledge level scale (YETBİD) for adults was applied to all study group, 24-hour food consumption record (BEBİS) was taken and food consumption frequency questionnaire was applied. It was found that the average daily calorie intake of the patients was 20 kcal/kg/day. They get 41% of their daily energy from carbohydrates (CHO), 19% from proteins and 40% from fats. The distribution of macronutrients according to the energy they take was found to be normal according to the RDA recommendations, but their intake is insufficient. Women's carbohydrate, protein and fat intakes were significantly lower than men's (p=0.001 for each). Although it was found that the majority of male patients stated that they did not follow a diet, but they got higher scores than women in the nutrition knowledge level section of the YETBİD subscale, no significant relationship was found between their gender and their dieting status (p>0.05). It was found that the nutritional knowledge levels of the participants with high educational status were also high (p=0,091). It was found that the nutritional knowledge level and food consumption of the patient group who received diet education and applied it correctly was significantly higher than the patient group who did not receive diet education and did not apply it (p=0.03). In individuals with chronic renal failure, it is aimed to explain the importance of proper nutrition to the patients with regular trainings by the dietitian during and after hemodialysis, to improve the nutritional habits by increasing the level of nutrition knowledge, and to reduce the health problems that may be triggered by malnutrition.
Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is a public health problem with high morbidity and mortality, reducing the quality of life and creating a serious burden on health budgets. It is known that more than 750 million people worldwide receive treatment for the cause of CKD. Since hemodialysis treatment is a catabolic process, the macro and micronutrient needs of the patients increase. Therefore, proper nutrition positively affects the course of the disease in patients receiving hemodialysis treatment.The study included 91 patients aged between 18-65 years, who received hemodialysis treatment at the Turkish Kidney Foundation Ahmet Ermiş Dialysis Center in Istanbul and volunteered to participate in the study. 53% of the participants were male, 47% female. The mean age is 53±10. The average BMI of women was 23.6 kg/m² and men were 26.4 kg/m². 75.8% of the participants were married and 83.5% were non-smokers, 41.8% had hypertension, 35.2% had cardiovascular disease, 6.6% of them started to receive dialysis treatment because of diabetes. 44.9% of the participants were on dialysis for 1-5 years, 22.5% for 6-10 years, 32.6% for 11 years or more She continues her treatment. Nutritional knowledge level scale (YETBİD) for adults was applied to all study group, 24-hour food consumption record (BEBİS) was taken and food consumption frequency questionnaire was applied. It was found that the average daily calorie intake of the patients was 20 kcal/kg/day. They get 41% of their daily energy from carbohydrates (CHO), 19% from proteins and 40% from fats. The distribution of macronutrients according to the energy they take was found to be normal according to the RDA recommendations, but their intake is insufficient. Women's carbohydrate, protein and fat intakes were significantly lower than men's (p=0.001 for each). Although it was found that the majority of male patients stated that they did not follow a diet, but they got higher scores than women in the nutrition knowledge level section of the YETBİD subscale, no significant relationship was found between their gender and their dieting status (p>0.05). It was found that the nutritional knowledge levels of the participants with high educational status were also high (p=0,091). It was found that the nutritional knowledge level and food consumption of the patient group who received diet education and applied it correctly was significantly higher than the patient group who did not receive diet education and did not apply it (p=0.03). In individuals with chronic renal failure, it is aimed to explain the importance of proper nutrition to the patients with regular trainings by the dietitian during and after hemodialysis, to improve the nutritional habits by increasing the level of nutrition knowledge, and to reduce the health problems that may be triggered by malnutrition.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Beslenme ve Diyetetik, Nutrition and Dietetics
