0-2 yaş arası çocuğu olan Suriyeli kadınların bebek beslenmesi ve maternal beslenme tutum ve davranışları ile gıdaya erişimlerinin incelenmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma 0-2 yaş arası çocuğu olan Suriyeli kadınların bebek beslenmesi ve maternal beslenme tutum ve davranışları ile gıdaya erişimlerinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma Mart - Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında Gaziantep ili Şahinbey ilçesinde yaşayan 90 Suriyeli kadın ve kadınların 0-2 yaş arası 90 bebeği ile yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında gerçekleşmiştir. Annelere bebek beslenmesi ve maternal beslenme uygulamaları ve bazı demografik özellikleri içeren anket soruları yönlendirilmiştir. Bebeklerin anne sütü alma ve tamamlayıcı beslenmeyle besin çeşitliliği sağlama durumlarını saptamak amacıyla DSÖ tarafından yayımlanan bebek beslenmesi indikatörlerinden faydalanılmıştır. 6-23 ay arası bebeklerin tamamlayıcı beslenmeyle besin çeşitliliği sağlama durumu Minimum Besin Çeşitliliği kriterlerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bebeklerin doğumda antropometrik ölçümleri annelerden öğrenilmiş, çalışma anında bebeğin vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu ölçülüp Z skorları hesaplanarak DSÖ 2006 büyüme standartlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Annelerin gıdaya erişimleri ve besin çeşitliliği sağlama durumları WFP tarafından hazırlanan Gıda Tüketim Skoru adı verilen skorlama sistemine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Annelerin çalışma anında vücut ağırlıkları, boy uzunlukları ölçülmüş, beden kütle indeksleri hesaplanmış ve gebelik boyunca ağırlık kazanımları sorulup 2009 IOM gebelikte ağırlık kazanımı standartlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Ek besin tüketen bebeklerin ve annelerin 24 saatlik besin tüketim kayıtları alınmıştır. Bebeklerin %84.44'ü emzirilmektedir. Annelerin %68.56'sı bebeklerini doğumdan sonraki 1 saat içinde emzirmiştir. Bebeklerin %84.44'üne doğumdan sonraki 3 gün içerisinde anne sütü dışında bir sıvı verilmiştir. Bebeklerin yalnızca %32.91'i yaşamlarının ilk 6 ayında sadece anne sütüyle beslenmiştir. Bebeğe ilk 6 ay yalnızca anne sütü verilmesi ile bebeğin cinsiyetinden, annenin öğrenim düzeyi ve beslenme danışmanlığı alması arasında bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Bebeklerin yalnızca %22.22'sine ek besinler doğru zamanda başlanmıştır. Ek besinlerle besin çeşitliliği sağlayan bebeklerin oranı yalnızca %41.86'dır. Bebeğin yaşı, annelerin gıdaya erişimi ve gelir düzeyi arttıkça bebeklerin besin çeşitliliğinin arttığı, 19-24 yaş arası annelerin besin çeşitliliği sağlayan bebeklerinin oranının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür (p<0.05). Bebeklerin %5.56'sının vücut ağırlığı Z skoru olması gerekenin -2 SD altında, %3.33'ünün ise +2 SD üstündedir. Yaşa göre vücut ağırlığı bebeğin cinsiyetinden, mama tüketiminden, ek besinlerle besin çeşitliliği sağlanmasından etkilenmezken (p>0.05); normal doğumla dünyaya gelen, ilk 6 ay yalnızca anne sütüyle beslenen, tamamlayıcı beslenmeye doğru zamanda başlayan bebeklerin yaşa göre vücut ağırlıkları yeterli düzeyde bulunmuştur (p<0.05). İlk gebe kaldıkları yaşların ortalaması 18.29±2.74 olan annelerin ortalama 3.66±2.09 çocuğu olup; annelerin %5.56'sının 2 yaş altı birden fazla çocuğu vardır. Annelerin %87.78'i sağlık hizmetlerine erişimde zorluk yaşamaktadır. Annelerin %68.89'u gebelik ve/veya emzirme dönemlerinde bir destek ve/veya danışmanlık aldığını belirtmiştir. Katılımcıların %31.11'i çalışmanın yapıldığı güne kadar olan 4 hafta içerisinde evinde yiyecek bir şeyin olmadığı ve/veya yiyecek alacak paranın bulunmadığını belirtmiştir. Annelerin yalnızca %16.67'si gün içerisinde 3 ve üzeri öğün tüketmektedir. Annelerin enerji ve besin ögeleri alımı önerilen alım düzeylerine göre oldukça düşük olup; alım miktarlarında gelir düzeyine göre farklılık görülmezken, öğün sıklığı arttıkça enerji ve bazı besin ögeleri alımlarının arttığı fakat alım miktarlarının önerilen alım düzeylerini karşılamadığı saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Mülteci gruplarda 0-2 yaş ve maternal beslenme uygulamaları sekteye uğramaktadır. Özellikle gıdaya erişimde yaşanan sorunlar ve bilgi düzeyindeki yetersizlikler dolayısıyla zaten hassas olan bu grupları daha da hassas hale getirmektedir. Mülteci gruplara destek sağlayan yerel ve uluslararası kuruluşlar ile devlet organları koordinasyon içinde çalışıp; doğru müdalaleler, üretilecek olan projeler, sağlanacak olan destekler ve farkındalık arttırma çalışmaları ile anne ve bebek beslenmesindeki uygulamaları iyileştirip açıkları kapatmayı hedeflemelidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Mülteci, bebek beslenmesi, maternal beslenme, anne sütü, gıdaya erişim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and practices of Syrian mothers of children between 0-2 years of age on infant and young child feeding and maternal nutrition and their food accessibility. The study was carried out with 90 Syrian mothers and their 90 babies between 0-2 years of age living in Şahinbey district of Gaziantep province between March - April 2021. This study was held on Covid-19 pandemic situation. A questionnaire was applied to the mothers to determine their knowledge and practices on infant and young child feeding (IYCF), maternal nutrition and demographic characteristics. IYCF indicators published by WHO were used in order to determine breastfeeding, complementary feeding and minimum dietary diversity status of the children. The status of meeting dietary diversity with complementary feeding of babies 6-23 months was evaluated according to the Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) criteria. Anthropometric measurements of the babies at birth were learned from mothers, and the babies' weight and height were taken at the study time and Z scores were calculated and evaluated according to WHO 2006 growth standards. Mother's access to food and dietary diversity status were evaluated according to the Food Consumption Score published by WFP. Body weight, height and body mass index of the mothers were measured at the study time, weight gain during pregnancy period was learned and evaluated according to the 2009 IOM weight gain during pregnancy standards. 24-hour recall of mothers and babies consuming complementary foods were taken and energy and nutrient intake was calculated with the BEBIS 8.2 program. 84.44% of the babies are breastfed. 68.56% of the mothers breastfed their babies within 1 hour after delivery. 84.44% of the babies were given any liquid other than breast milk within 3 days after delivery. Only 32.91% of the mothers exclusively breastfed their babies in the first 6 months of age. There was no significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and gender, education level of mother and receiving nutrition counselling (p>0.05). Only 22.22% of babies were started complementary foods at the correct time. Only 41.86% of children met minimum dietary diversity. As the age of the babies, the mothers' food access and dietary diversity status and income level increase, dietary diversity of the babies increased significantly and the proportion of infants who met dietary diversity was significantly higher among whose mothers aged 19-24 years (p<0.05). 5.56% of the babies had a Z score body weight below -2 SD, and 3.33% above +2 SD. While there was no significant relationship between weight for age and gender, formula consumption and minimum dietary diversity (p>0.05); the body weight of the babies who were born with normal birth, fed only with breast milk for the first 6 months, and started complementary feeding at the right time were found to be sufficient for age (p<0.05). The average age of the mothers was 18.29±2.74 when they gave their first birth. The average number of the children of the mothers is 3.66±2.09 and 5.56% of the mothers have more than one child under 2 years of age. 87.78% of the mothers had difficulty in accessing health services. 68.89% of the mothers stated that they received nutrition support and/or counselling during pregnancy and/or lactation periods. 31.11% of the participants had times that they did not have food or money to buy food in the past 4 weeks before the assessment. Only 16.67% of the mothers consume 3 or more meals per day. Energy and nutrient intake of mothers did not meet the recommended intake levels. While there was no relationship between mothers' intake of energy and nutrients and their income level, a significant relationship was found between intake of some nutrients and meal frequency. However, the intake of energy, macro and micro nutrients still do not meet recommended amounts. In emergency situations, IYCF and maternal nutrition practices are interrupted. Especially, due to the problems regarding food accessibility and low awareness level, vulnerable groups become more vulnerable. In coordination with stakeholders, international and local non-governmental organizations should aim to enhance nutrition practices among refugee population and close the gaps in IYCF and maternal nutrition practices with appropriate interventions, projects and awareness raising activities. Keywords: Refugee, IYCF, maternal nutrition, breast milk, food access
The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and practices of Syrian mothers of children between 0-2 years of age on infant and young child feeding and maternal nutrition and their food accessibility. The study was carried out with 90 Syrian mothers and their 90 babies between 0-2 years of age living in Şahinbey district of Gaziantep province between March - April 2021. This study was held on Covid-19 pandemic situation. A questionnaire was applied to the mothers to determine their knowledge and practices on infant and young child feeding (IYCF), maternal nutrition and demographic characteristics. IYCF indicators published by WHO were used in order to determine breastfeeding, complementary feeding and minimum dietary diversity status of the children. The status of meeting dietary diversity with complementary feeding of babies 6-23 months was evaluated according to the Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) criteria. Anthropometric measurements of the babies at birth were learned from mothers, and the babies' weight and height were taken at the study time and Z scores were calculated and evaluated according to WHO 2006 growth standards. Mother's access to food and dietary diversity status were evaluated according to the Food Consumption Score published by WFP. Body weight, height and body mass index of the mothers were measured at the study time, weight gain during pregnancy period was learned and evaluated according to the 2009 IOM weight gain during pregnancy standards. 24-hour recall of mothers and babies consuming complementary foods were taken and energy and nutrient intake was calculated with the BEBIS 8.2 program. 84.44% of the babies are breastfed. 68.56% of the mothers breastfed their babies within 1 hour after delivery. 84.44% of the babies were given any liquid other than breast milk within 3 days after delivery. Only 32.91% of the mothers exclusively breastfed their babies in the first 6 months of age. There was no significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and gender, education level of mother and receiving nutrition counselling (p>0.05). Only 22.22% of babies were started complementary foods at the correct time. Only 41.86% of children met minimum dietary diversity. As the age of the babies, the mothers' food access and dietary diversity status and income level increase, dietary diversity of the babies increased significantly and the proportion of infants who met dietary diversity was significantly higher among whose mothers aged 19-24 years (p<0.05). 5.56% of the babies had a Z score body weight below -2 SD, and 3.33% above +2 SD. While there was no significant relationship between weight for age and gender, formula consumption and minimum dietary diversity (p>0.05); the body weight of the babies who were born with normal birth, fed only with breast milk for the first 6 months, and started complementary feeding at the right time were found to be sufficient for age (p<0.05). The average age of the mothers was 18.29±2.74 when they gave their first birth. The average number of the children of the mothers is 3.66±2.09 and 5.56% of the mothers have more than one child under 2 years of age. 87.78% of the mothers had difficulty in accessing health services. 68.89% of the mothers stated that they received nutrition support and/or counselling during pregnancy and/or lactation periods. 31.11% of the participants had times that they did not have food or money to buy food in the past 4 weeks before the assessment. Only 16.67% of the mothers consume 3 or more meals per day. Energy and nutrient intake of mothers did not meet the recommended intake levels. While there was no relationship between mothers' intake of energy and nutrients and their income level, a significant relationship was found between intake of some nutrients and meal frequency. However, the intake of energy, macro and micro nutrients still do not meet recommended amounts. In emergency situations, IYCF and maternal nutrition practices are interrupted. Especially, due to the problems regarding food accessibility and low awareness level, vulnerable groups become more vulnerable. In coordination with stakeholders, international and local non-governmental organizations should aim to enhance nutrition practices among refugee population and close the gaps in IYCF and maternal nutrition practices with appropriate interventions, projects and awareness raising activities. Keywords: Refugee, IYCF, maternal nutrition, breast milk, food access
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Beslenme ve Diyetetik, Nutrition and Dietetics, Halk Sağlığı
