Effect of Telerehabilitation-Based Motor Imagery Training on Pain and Related Factors in People With Multiple Sclerosis: Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

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dc.authorid0000-0003-0043-9374
dc.authorid0000-0003-2140-4103
dc.authorid0000-0001-5455-7080
dc.authorid0000-0002-8776-0664
dc.authorid0000-0003-3355-4117
dc.contributor.authorKarakas, Hilal
dc.contributor.authorKahraman, Turhan
dc.contributor.authorOzdogar, Asiye Tuba
dc.contributor.authorBaba, Cavid
dc.contributor.authorOzakbas, Serkan
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T18:55:26Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T18:55:26Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractObjectives: To investigate the effect of telerehabilitation-based graded motor imagery (MI, GMI) training on pain and pain-related factors in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Design: Randomized controlled, assessor-blind pilot trial with repeated-measure design. Setting: Neurology outpatient clinic. Participants: Thirty-two people with MS were randomly allocated to intervention (n=16) and control (n=16) groups. Interventions: During the 8-week GMI training period, the first 2 weeks involved implicit MI training while 6 weeks of explicit MI training were conducted. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the general pain intensity over the past 2 days, assessed with a visual analog scale, with a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of 23 mm. Secondary outcomes included general pain and specific body parts' pain intensity over the past 7 days, neuropathic pain intensity, MI ability, fatigue, depression, anxiety, quality of life, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and cognitive functions scores. Assessments were conducted at baseline, at weeks 8 (post-treatment) and 12 (follow-up). Results: The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in pain intensity over the past 2 days compared with control group (P<.05). Furthermore, at the 8-week assessment, the intervention group surpassed the MCID in pain intensity over the past 2 and 7 days (P<.05), whereas no significant change was observed in the control group (P>.05). Significant effects were observed post-treatment on general pain over the past 7 days, neuropathic pain, MI ability, fatigue, depression, quality of life, processing speed, and visuospatial memory within intervention group compared with control group (P<.05). However, the effect on anxiety, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and verbal memory between groups was not significant (P>.05). Conclusions: Telerehabilitation-based GMI training stands out as viable for the management of chronic pain and pain-related psychosocial symptoms for people with MS.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [321S215]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was funded by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with research grant number 321S215.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.apmr.2024.10.009
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.apmr.2024.10.009
dc.identifier.endpage572
dc.identifier.issn0003-9993
dc.identifier.issn1532-821X
dc.identifier.issue4
dc.identifier.pmid39489207
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85210363387
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage562
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2024.10.009
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11411/10425
dc.identifier.volume106
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001461839900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherW B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc
dc.relation.ispartofArchives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260402
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260402
dc.subjectChronic Pain
dc.subjectGraded Motor Imagery
dc.subjectMotor Imagery
dc.subjectMultiple Sclerosis
dc.subjectRehabilitation
dc.subjectTelerehabilitation
dc.titleEffect of Telerehabilitation-Based Motor Imagery Training on Pain and Related Factors in People With Multiple Sclerosis: Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
dc.typeArticle

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