Non-fungible tokens (NFT’ler) ve fikir ve sanat eserleri hukuku yansımaları
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET: Bu çalışmanın konusu blokzincir teknolojisi ile birlikte hayatımıza giren NFT’ler ile bunların fikir ve sanat eserleri hukuku bakımından ortaya çıkardığı soru ve sorunlara ilişkin değerlendirmedir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, blokzincir teknolojisinin ortaya çıkışı, NFT’lere de sirayet eden özellikleri, getirdiği yenilikler ve kullanım alanları incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, kripto varlık kavramı, kripto varlık türleri ve NFT’leri diğer kripto varlıklardan ayıran özelliklere değinilmiştir. Devamında NFT kavramı ve NFT’nin teknik özellikleri incelenmiş, NFT yaratma, satışa sunma, NFT türleri ve projeleri detaylandırılmıştır. Bu bölümde, son olarak NFT’lerin beğenilen ve eleştirilen noktaları aktarılmıştır. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde, blokzincir teknolojisinin ve NFT’lerin fikir ve sanat eserleri hukuku bakımından getirdiği yeniliklere değinilmiştir. Çok tartışmalı konulardan biri olan NFT’lerin eser niteliğine ilişkin görüşlere değinilmiş, NFT eser sahibi ve NFT satın alan olarak sahip olunan haklar incelenmiştir. Bu bölümde yine, NFT kaynaklı telif hakkına tecavüz senaryoları açıklanmış, tecavüz durumunda platformların durumu, lisans ve mali hak devirlerine ilişkin şartlar ve ortaya çıkan uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde ortaya çıkabilecek sorunlar incelenmiştir. Son olarak, bu bölümde, son dönemde çok konuşulan ve alanının ilk örneklerinden olan tarafları kimi zaman popüler sanatçılar kimi zaman ise milyon dolarlık projeler olan gündemdeki uyuşmazlıklar değerlendirilmiştir.
ABSTRACT : The subject of this study is the evaluation of NFTs that have entered our lives with blockchain technology and the questions and problems they raise in terms of copyright law. In the first part of the study, the emergence of blockchain technology, its features that spread to NFTs, the innovations it brings, and its use-cases are examined. In the second part of the study, the term of crypto assets, crypto asset types, features that distinguish NFTs from other crypto assets are mentioned. Afterwards, the term of NFT and the technical features of NFT are examined, NFT creation, offering for sale, NFT types and projects are elaborated. In this section, the appreciated and criticized points of NFTs are presented. In the third part of the study, the innovations brought by blockchain technology and NFTs in terms of copyright law are addressed. The arguments on if NFTs can be considered as art work, which is one of the most controversial issues, has been mentioned, and the rights owned as the owner of the NFT art work and the NFT buyer have been examined. In this section, copyright infringement scenarios originating from NFT are explained, the status of platforms in case of infringement, the conditions regarding the transfer of license and financial rights, and the problems that may arise in the resolution of disputes are analyzed. Finally, in this section, the disputes that have been talked about most recently which are among the first examples of their field, and whose parties are sometimes popular artists and sometimes million-dollar projects, are evaluated.
ABSTRACT : The subject of this study is the evaluation of NFTs that have entered our lives with blockchain technology and the questions and problems they raise in terms of copyright law. In the first part of the study, the emergence of blockchain technology, its features that spread to NFTs, the innovations it brings, and its use-cases are examined. In the second part of the study, the term of crypto assets, crypto asset types, features that distinguish NFTs from other crypto assets are mentioned. Afterwards, the term of NFT and the technical features of NFT are examined, NFT creation, offering for sale, NFT types and projects are elaborated. In this section, the appreciated and criticized points of NFTs are presented. In the third part of the study, the innovations brought by blockchain technology and NFTs in terms of copyright law are addressed. The arguments on if NFTs can be considered as art work, which is one of the most controversial issues, has been mentioned, and the rights owned as the owner of the NFT art work and the NFT buyer have been examined. In this section, copyright infringement scenarios originating from NFT are explained, the status of platforms in case of infringement, the conditions regarding the transfer of license and financial rights, and the problems that may arise in the resolution of disputes are analyzed. Finally, in this section, the disputes that have been talked about most recently which are among the first examples of their field, and whose parties are sometimes popular artists and sometimes million-dollar projects, are evaluated.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Blokzincir, Kripto Varlık, NFT, Telif, Sanat Eseri, Blockchain, Crypto Asset, Copyright, Art Work
