Belirsiz kaybın kuşaklararası aktarımı: Cumartesi anneleri/insanları örneği
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET: Bu çalışmada, Cumartesi Anneleri/İnsanları örneğinden yola çıkarak belirsiz kaybın kuşaklar arası aktarımının derinlemesine anlaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma eşit derecede önemli iki amaç çerçevesinde düzenlenmiştir. İlk bölüm psikoloji literatürünün sunduğu çerçeve üzerinden belirsiz kayıp teorisini, özel yas süreçleri ve kuşaklar arası aktarım süreçlerinin aktarılmasını planlarken, ikinci bölüm bu teori ve kavramlardan yola çıkarak ailelerin ikinci nesillere aktardığı anlatılardaki temalar, bu temaların anlamları ve üstlendikleri işlevlerin psikanalatik bakış açısı ile derinlemesine anlaşılmasını amaç edinmiştir. Kayıp öncesi, sırası ve sonrasında ailelerin belirsiz kayıp süreçlerine dair yaşadığı travmatik deneyimlerin ve özel yas pratiklerinin ikinci kuşağın ruhsal dünyasında izlerinin hala görülebileceği varsayılmıştır. İstanbul’da yaşamakta olan kayıp yakını ailelerin ikinci kuşak kadın üyelerinden, 26-35 yaş arası 4 kişi ile yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların yakınları 1980’li ve 1990’lı yıllardaki politik şiddet sonucu köy boşaltmaları nedeni ile zorunlu göçe, etnik ve politik ayrımcılığa maruz kalmış, işkence ve kötü muameleye uğramış olan zorla kaybedilenlerin eşleri/ kardeşleri ve aynı zamanda Cumartesi Anneleri/İnsanlarının üyeleridirler. Görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen niteliksel verilerin Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analizi sonucu 21 alt düzey tema bulunmuş, bunlar ortak özelliklerine göre 5 üst düzey tema altında birleştirilmiştir: a) anlamlandırma arayışı, b) yas sürecini etkileyen stres faktörleri, c) başa çıkma stratejileri, d) ikinci kuşağa aktarılan miras ve e) aktarımın mekanizmaları. Araştırmanın varsayımları ilgili literatürle uyumlu çıkmıştır. Aktarımlarda yok olma kaygısı, kaybedilme, yasın kamusal alanda tanınması ve donmuş yası kapatma ihtiyacı ön plana çıkmıştır. Gelecek araştırmalarda, sonraki kuşakların ruhsallığına etki eden faktörleri daha iyi anlamak için, belirsiz kayıp sürecine ek olarak yaşanan politik şiddet ve çatışmalara dair travmaların kümülatif etkilerinin de araştırılması ve bu hastaların terapötik süreçlerinde aktarımın olası klinik görüntülerinin de göz önünde bulundurulması önerilmektedir.
ABSTRACT: In the present study, based on the case of Saturday Mothers/People we aimed to understand intergenerational transmission of ambiguous loss. The study is organized around two equally important objectives. The first part plans to illustrate the ambiguous loss theory, special grief processes and intergenerational tranmission processes through framework presented by psychology literature. Based on these theories and concepts, second part aims to understand the themes in the narratives that families transmitted to the second generation and to reflect on functions and meanings of these themes that they undertake with a psycoanalatic perspective. It is hypothesized that the traces of traumatic experiences of ambiguous loss process (before-during-after) and special mourning practices of families can still be seen in the psychic worlds of the second generation. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 4 second generation female members of the families of the missing relatives living in Istanbul, aged between 26 and 35. The relatives of participants are people who were subjected to forced migration as a result of evacuation of villages and they were exposed to ethnic and political discrimination. In the political atmosphere of the 1980s and 1990s the spouses / siblings of tortured and ill-treated victims of enforced disappearance are also now members of Saturday Mothers/Peoples. As a result of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of qualitative data obtained from interviews; 21 subordinate themes were found and, these emerging themes were gathered under 5 superordinate themes according to their common features: a) seeking for meaning, b) stress factors affecting the grief process, c) coping strategies, d) the heritage transferred to the second generation, e) mechanisms of transmission. The assumptions of research are compatible with related literature. In the narratives the following themes became prominent: the annihilation anxiety, the recognition of disappearance, the grief in the public sphere and, the need to close frozen grief. In order to understand factors that affecting psyche of the next generations better, in future research, in addition to the ambiguous loss process, it is recommended to investigate the cumulative effects of traumas related to political violence and conflicts and to consider possible clinical implications of transmission in the therapeutic processes of these patients
ABSTRACT: In the present study, based on the case of Saturday Mothers/People we aimed to understand intergenerational transmission of ambiguous loss. The study is organized around two equally important objectives. The first part plans to illustrate the ambiguous loss theory, special grief processes and intergenerational tranmission processes through framework presented by psychology literature. Based on these theories and concepts, second part aims to understand the themes in the narratives that families transmitted to the second generation and to reflect on functions and meanings of these themes that they undertake with a psycoanalatic perspective. It is hypothesized that the traces of traumatic experiences of ambiguous loss process (before-during-after) and special mourning practices of families can still be seen in the psychic worlds of the second generation. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 4 second generation female members of the families of the missing relatives living in Istanbul, aged between 26 and 35. The relatives of participants are people who were subjected to forced migration as a result of evacuation of villages and they were exposed to ethnic and political discrimination. In the political atmosphere of the 1980s and 1990s the spouses / siblings of tortured and ill-treated victims of enforced disappearance are also now members of Saturday Mothers/Peoples. As a result of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of qualitative data obtained from interviews; 21 subordinate themes were found and, these emerging themes were gathered under 5 superordinate themes according to their common features: a) seeking for meaning, b) stress factors affecting the grief process, c) coping strategies, d) the heritage transferred to the second generation, e) mechanisms of transmission. The assumptions of research are compatible with related literature. In the narratives the following themes became prominent: the annihilation anxiety, the recognition of disappearance, the grief in the public sphere and, the need to close frozen grief. In order to understand factors that affecting psyche of the next generations better, in future research, in addition to the ambiguous loss process, it is recommended to investigate the cumulative effects of traumas related to political violence and conflicts and to consider possible clinical implications of transmission in the therapeutic processes of these patients
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Belirsiz Kayıp, Kuşaklarası Aktarım, Cumartesi Anneleri/İnsanları, Travma, Yas, Ambiguous Loss, Intergenerational Transmission, Saturday Maothers/People, Trauma, Mourning
