Çerkes kültür ve kimlik oluşum süreçlerinde sivil toplum kuruluşlarının rolü
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Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
ÖZET: Kafkas-Rus Savaşları neticesinde anavatanlarından sürgün edilen Kafkas halkları, başta Osmanlı Devleti toprakları olmak üzere dünyanın birçok yerine göç etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Çerkes üst kimliği içerisinde birleşen bu topluluklar, geldikleri yeni yerlerde kültürlerini ve kimliklerini yaşatmak için Osmanlı Devleti içerisinde STK’lar kurmaya başlamışlardır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulmasıyla kapatılan Çerkes STK’larının varlığı 1946 yılında çıkan Cemiyetler Kanunu ile birlikte tekrardan görülmeye başlamış ve bugün bu sayı 300’e yaklaşmıştır. 1970’li yıllardan itibaren yükselen yeni toplumsal hareketler neticesinde kimlik, kültür, etnisite, sivil toplum, vatandaşlık, demokrasi gibi kavramlar üzerine yapılan yoğun tartışmalarla birlikte sivil toplum kuruluşları demokrasinin önemli bir sacayağı haline gelmiştir. Diasporik bir toplum olan Çerkeslerin sürgün edildikleri ve diasporalar içerisinde en çok nüfusa sahip olduğu Türkiye’de, kimlik ve kültürlerini devam ettirmek için kullandığı araçlar içerisinde sivil toplum kuruluşları önemli bir yerde bulunmaktadır. Çerkes sivil toplum kuruluşlarının hemşeri derneğinden hak taleplerinde bulunan ve kimlik siyaseti yapan kuruluşlara doğru dönüşümünde sahip olduğu rolü anlamlandırmak için bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. 10 Çerkes sivil toplum kuruluşu yönetim kurulu başkanına yarı yapılandırılmış sorular sorularak derinlemesine görüşme yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, tematik analize tabi tutulmuş ve 2 üst tema ve 7 alt tema bulunmuştur. Bu temalarla Çerkes sivil toplum kuruluşlarının Çerkesler için oynadığı rol hem literatürle hem de katılımcılarla tartıştırılmıştır.
ABSTRACT: Caucasian people, who were exiled from their homeland as a result of the Caucasian-Russian Wars, having forced to migrate many parts of the world, especially to the Ottoman Empire. These communities that united in the Circassian identity, started to establish civil society organizations in the Ottoman Empire in order to keep their cultures and identities alive. The existence of Circassian civil society organizations, which were closed with the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, started to be seen again with the Law of Associations enacted in 1946, and today this number has approached 300. As a result of the rising new social movements since the 1970s, civil society organizations have become an important pillar of democracy, with intense discussions on concepts such as identity, culture, ethnicity, civil society, citizenship, and democracy. In Turkey, where Circassians, a diasporic society, having forced to migrate and have the largest population among diasporas, civil society organizations have an important place among the tools they use to maintain their identity and culture. Qualitative research method was used in this study to make sense of the role of Circassian civil society organizations in their transformation from their fellow countrymen associations to those in which they claim rights and engage in identity politics. In-depth interviews were conducted with the chairperson of the board of 10 Circassian civil society organizations by asking semi-structured questions. The data obtained were subjected to thematic analysis and 2 upper themes and 7 sub-themes were found. With these themes, the role played by Circassian civil society organizations for Circassians was discussed both with the literature and with the participants.
ABSTRACT: Caucasian people, who were exiled from their homeland as a result of the Caucasian-Russian Wars, having forced to migrate many parts of the world, especially to the Ottoman Empire. These communities that united in the Circassian identity, started to establish civil society organizations in the Ottoman Empire in order to keep their cultures and identities alive. The existence of Circassian civil society organizations, which were closed with the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, started to be seen again with the Law of Associations enacted in 1946, and today this number has approached 300. As a result of the rising new social movements since the 1970s, civil society organizations have become an important pillar of democracy, with intense discussions on concepts such as identity, culture, ethnicity, civil society, citizenship, and democracy. In Turkey, where Circassians, a diasporic society, having forced to migrate and have the largest population among diasporas, civil society organizations have an important place among the tools they use to maintain their identity and culture. Qualitative research method was used in this study to make sense of the role of Circassian civil society organizations in their transformation from their fellow countrymen associations to those in which they claim rights and engage in identity politics. In-depth interviews were conducted with the chairperson of the board of 10 Circassian civil society organizations by asking semi-structured questions. The data obtained were subjected to thematic analysis and 2 upper themes and 7 sub-themes were found. With these themes, the role played by Circassian civil society organizations for Circassians was discussed both with the literature and with the participants.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çerkes, Kültür, Kimlik, Sivil Toplum, Sivil Toplum Kuruluşu, Circassian, Culture, Identity, Civil Society, Civil Society Organizations
