Comrades of War: An analysis of Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms and John Dos Passos' Three Soldiers
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu tez, Ernest Hemingway'in Silahlara Veda ve John Dos Passos'un Üç Savaşçı adlı romanlarına Sigmund Freud'un kuramlarını temel alarak psikanalitik bir açıdan yaklaşmaktadır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı, daha önceden kahraman ve vatansever sayılan sıradan asker algısını değiştirdiği ve ifadesini Modernizm hareketinin yükselişinde bulduğu için, bu iki roman da sıradan askerin gerçek ve acı verici akıl sağlığı durumunu tarif etmektedir. Bu tezde psikanalitik yaklaşımın temel odağı Freudcu bir bakış açısından alınmıştır, çünkü Freud, askerin, ilk endüstriyel savaşın getirdiği nevrotik akıl sağlığı durumu hakkında konuşan ilk psikanalistlerden biri olarak görülmektedir. Freud'a göre uygarlıklar, şartlar ne olursa olsun, kurumlar ve yasalar yoluyla bireylerinden mutlak itaat ve içgüdülerin feragatını bekler. Ancak savaş zamanında uygarlıkların talepleri, vatanseverlik adı altında öldürmeye ve içgüdülerin ortaya çıkarılmasına değiştirilir. Sonuç olarak birey, hayal kırıklığına uğrar ve insanlıktan uzaklaşır. Ayrıca, bir askerin savaş esnasında şahit olduğu korkunç şeylerle birlikte, birey travmatize olur. Savaşın getirdiği hayal kırıklığından başlayarak, Freud, hayal kırıklığı kavramı, yaşam ve ölüm içgüdüleri, öldürme ve yasaları ve kurumları beraberinde getiren uygarlıklar hakkında düşünmüştür. Bu tezdeki temel amaç, Silahlara Veda ve Üç Savaşçı romanlarındaki karakterileri Freudyen hayal kırıklığı, insanlıktan çıkma ve travma kavramları ile incelemektir.
This thesis approaches the novels of Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms and John Dos Passos' Three Soldiers from a psychoanalytic point of view with references to the theories of Sigmund Freud. Since the First World War changed the whole perspective about the ordinary soldier, which was previously considered heroic and patriotic, and found an expression in the rise of the Modernist movement, these two novels describe the real and painful state of mind of an ordinary soldier. The psychoanalytic approach was mainly taken from a Freudian standpoint because he was considered one of the first psychoanalysts who talked about the neurotic state of mind of soldiers which the first industrialized war brought about. According to Freud, civilization demands the utmost obedience and sacrifice of instincts under any circumstances by establishing institutions and laws. Yet, during wartime, the demands of civilization are altered into killing and release of instincts in the name of patriotism. As a result, the individual becomes disillusioned and dehumanized. Besides, due to the horrible things the soldier witnesses during the war, the individual overall becomes traumatized. Starting from the disillusionment that the war introduced, Freud contemplates the notion of disillusionment, instincts of life and death, killing, and civilization that brought laws and institutions. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze the characters of the novels A Farewell to Arms and Three Soldiers through Freudian notions of disillusionment, dehumanization, and trauma.
This thesis approaches the novels of Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms and John Dos Passos' Three Soldiers from a psychoanalytic point of view with references to the theories of Sigmund Freud. Since the First World War changed the whole perspective about the ordinary soldier, which was previously considered heroic and patriotic, and found an expression in the rise of the Modernist movement, these two novels describe the real and painful state of mind of an ordinary soldier. The psychoanalytic approach was mainly taken from a Freudian standpoint because he was considered one of the first psychoanalysts who talked about the neurotic state of mind of soldiers which the first industrialized war brought about. According to Freud, civilization demands the utmost obedience and sacrifice of instincts under any circumstances by establishing institutions and laws. Yet, during wartime, the demands of civilization are altered into killing and release of instincts in the name of patriotism. As a result, the individual becomes disillusioned and dehumanized. Besides, due to the horrible things the soldier witnesses during the war, the individual overall becomes traumatized. Starting from the disillusionment that the war introduced, Freud contemplates the notion of disillusionment, instincts of life and death, killing, and civilization that brought laws and institutions. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze the characters of the novels A Farewell to Arms and Three Soldiers through Freudian notions of disillusionment, dehumanization, and trauma.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Kültürel İncelemeler Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Amerikan Kültürü ve Edebiyatı, American Culture and Literature
