Militarism and women comfort women of the Second World War
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Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde militarizme sıkça başvuran ulus devletin kendisi için makbul bir vatandaş yaratma çabası doğrultusunda erkeğe, kadına ve hatta çocuklara çizdiği kimlikler, vatandaşların askere dönüştürülmesi ve bu kurgu içerisinde erkeğin korumasına muhtaç olan namusun hem kadın hem de vatan için öngörüldüğü anlatılmaktadır. Devletin erilliği karşısında vatanın feminenliği, savaşta bir silah olarak tecavüzü getirmektedir. Çalışmanın asıl konusu olan savaş tecavüzü, tarih boyunca sıkça karşılaşılmasına rağmen yüzleşmelerin yok denecek kadar az örneğe sahiptir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Japonya’nın Çin’i işgal sırasında yaşanan Nanking Katliamı, sonrasında askerlerin memnuniyeti için kurulan Rahatlama İstasyonları ve savaş sonrası Japonya’da kurulan Dinlenme ve Eğlence Lokalleri ile çeşitli milletlerden kadınların aynı militarist eril güç tarafından mağdur edilişini bizlere göstermektedir. Göstermelik yapılan yargılamalar ve kadınların susturulmaları sebebiyle, adalet arayışı halen devam etmektedir. Galip erkeklerin özet notları yerine seslerini duyurmak isteyen kadınların ifadelerine sıkça dayanan bu çalışma, ekseriyetle Avrupa merkezli tartışılan savaş tecavüzü literatürüne Uzak Asya örneklerini dahil etmeyi ve ayrı coğrafyalarda benzer tahakkümler kurulduğunu göstermeyi amaçlamıştır.
First part of this study discusses the nation states’ use of militarism to create specific identities for men, women and even children in order to obtain the ideal citizen. This is achieved through the transformation of the citizen to the soldier and men’s assumption of the duty to protect the honor of the women and the homeland as part of this narrative. The presentation of the state as the male and the homeland as the female paves the way of the use of rape as a weapon of war. Although the notion of war rape is frequently encountered throughout history, there are only a few examples of confrontations. The Nanking Massacre of the Second World War during the Japanese occupation of China, as well as the Comfort Stations established for the satisfaction of the soldiers and the Recreation and Amusement Association established in post-war Japan show us that women of various nationalities are victimized by the same militaristic masculine power. The search for justice is still ongoing, due to the showpiece trial proceedings and the silencing of women. This study, which is mostly based on the statements of the women who want to make their voices heard instead of the summary notes of the victorious men, aims to include the examples of Far Asia in order to show that similar methods of oppression have been established in different geographies.
First part of this study discusses the nation states’ use of militarism to create specific identities for men, women and even children in order to obtain the ideal citizen. This is achieved through the transformation of the citizen to the soldier and men’s assumption of the duty to protect the honor of the women and the homeland as part of this narrative. The presentation of the state as the male and the homeland as the female paves the way of the use of rape as a weapon of war. Although the notion of war rape is frequently encountered throughout history, there are only a few examples of confrontations. The Nanking Massacre of the Second World War during the Japanese occupation of China, as well as the Comfort Stations established for the satisfaction of the soldiers and the Recreation and Amusement Association established in post-war Japan show us that women of various nationalities are victimized by the same militaristic masculine power. The search for justice is still ongoing, due to the showpiece trial proceedings and the silencing of women. This study, which is mostly based on the statements of the women who want to make their voices heard instead of the summary notes of the victorious men, aims to include the examples of Far Asia in order to show that similar methods of oppression have been established in different geographies.
