Exiled: James Joyce and Ireland
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
James Joyce (1882-1941), halkın kilise ve İngiliz hükümetinin çift taraflı baskısı altında olduğu bir İrlandada yaşadı. Hem İrlanda halkının hem de Joyceun hayatına hükmeden bu baskı, yazarı daha genç yaşlarda etkilemeye ve bu durumu ona sorgulatmaya başladı. Joyceun etrafındaki diğer insanlara kıyasla üstün zekâya sahip olduğunu fark edişi, Sanatçının Bir Genç Adam Olarak Portresinde Stephen Dedalus ve Ölüde Gabriel Conroy karakterleri ile yansıtılır. Yazarın kendisini vatanında kısıtlanmış hissedişi, ülkesinden, ulusundan ve kültüründen kaçış arzusu uyandırır. Ülkesinde karşısına çıkan türlü engellerden kurtuluşu ve eserlerini üretmeye başlaması ancak bu kaçış ile mümkün olacaktır. Nitekim yazarın ülkesinde iken ona yabancılaşması ve oluşan iç sürgünü, yaşadığı gerçek sürgünde de baskı ve sansür gibi bazı sorunlarla devam edecektir. Eserlerine de yansıdığı gibi, yazarların sürgün yaşantıları birbirinden farklılık gösterir. Örneğin, Joyce aslında Dublinden hiç ayrılmaz, aksine Hemingway yazılarında yabancı kültürleri dile getirmeye özen gösterir. Joyce ve Nâzım Hikmet gibi yazarların ise gurbette ısrarla vatanlarını anlattıkları gözlenir. Ayrıca farklı kültürlerdeki yaşantıları sayesinde sürgünden vatanı anlatışları farklı bir boyuta ulaşır. Sürgünde yazanlar, yalnız oldukları anlarda da, çağdaşlarıyla vakit geçirdiklerinde de kendi kültürlerine farklı bir pencereden bakma eğiliminde olurlar.
James Joyce (1882-1941) lived in a time when people suffered from double oppression of both the Church and the British government in Ireland. This oppression that had been dominating the Irish and Joyce himself, as a young man and an author was realised and criticised. The self-realisation of Joyce as having a superior mind to others around him is reflected via Stephen Dedalus in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Gabriel Conroy in the Dead. The artists sense of restriction at home gives its way to the desire to escape his country, nation and culture. Solely with this escape will he be able to free himself of obstacles and start producing his works. However as he was an exile in his homeland, when he became a physical exile, he encountered more obstacles namely with publishing and censorship issues. Authors have different reactions to their experiences of exile, which can be seen in their works: Joyce never left Dublin in his writing whereas Hemingway interprets foreign cultures in his writings. With authors like Joyce or Nâzım Hikmet, it can be observed that even though removed from home, they still wrote about their homes. Besides, the way they interpreted home evolved to a different tone in exile, thanks to the experience they acquired in foreign cultures. Exiles tend to come to see their own culture from a different perspective, either in solitary contemplation or in the company of their contemporaries.
James Joyce (1882-1941) lived in a time when people suffered from double oppression of both the Church and the British government in Ireland. This oppression that had been dominating the Irish and Joyce himself, as a young man and an author was realised and criticised. The self-realisation of Joyce as having a superior mind to others around him is reflected via Stephen Dedalus in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Gabriel Conroy in the Dead. The artists sense of restriction at home gives its way to the desire to escape his country, nation and culture. Solely with this escape will he be able to free himself of obstacles and start producing his works. However as he was an exile in his homeland, when he became a physical exile, he encountered more obstacles namely with publishing and censorship issues. Authors have different reactions to their experiences of exile, which can be seen in their works: Joyce never left Dublin in his writing whereas Hemingway interprets foreign cultures in his writings. With authors like Joyce or Nâzım Hikmet, it can be observed that even though removed from home, they still wrote about their homes. Besides, the way they interpreted home evolved to a different tone in exile, thanks to the experience they acquired in foreign cultures. Exiles tend to come to see their own culture from a different perspective, either in solitary contemplation or in the company of their contemporaries.
