The militarist production of the national Turkish citizen within the culture of Islamic epistemology
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Cumhuriyetin erken dönemlerinde Türk Devrimi'nin getirdiği toplumsal, bireysel ve kültürel hayatın her alanını düzenleyecek nitelikte olan yenilikler ve devrimler neticesinde eski imparatorluk düzeninde kul statüsünde olan Türk toplumunun "vatandaş" olarak yeniden tanımlanması ve üretimi ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu tez, bu sürece bireysel bir perspektiften bakarak bu yeni vatandaşlık statüsüne sahip bireyin doğduğu andan itibaren kronolojik bir şekilde bebeklik ve çocukluğunun aile kurumu (baba ocağı) ile, gençlik ve yetişkinliğinin zorunlu askerlik (peygamber ocağı) ve burada gördüğü askerlik ve hayat bilgisi eğitimi ile, ölümünün şehadet mertebesi ile, hatta ölümden sonrasının ve bireyin hatırasının ise şehit cenazeleri, anıtlar, mezarlıklar ve toplumsal hafıza ile nasıl düzenlendiğini ve bu sistemin toplum nezdinde dini değerler, kaynaklar, bağlamlar ve söylemler kullanılarak nasıl pekiştirildiğini inceliyor. Yeni militarist-milliyetçi düzen, vatandaşlarını bu militer-milliyetçi ideoloji doğrultusunda ortaya çıkan ve devletin güvenliği ve sürekliliği açısından kritik önem taşıdığını algıladığı yeni ihtiyaçlarına uygun olarak (pozitif bilim ve sekülerizmi arkasına aldığını iddia etse de Türk toplumunun sosyo-kültürel mayasına yüzyıllar içerisinde işlenmiş olan ve epistemolojik olarak pozitif bilim ve sekülerizm yerine mutlaklık ve itaat üzerine kurulu İslami epistemolojinin parametrelerini kıramadan) yetiştiriyor. Tez, bunu göstermek için önce Batı düşüncesinin aksine İslami epistemolojide mutlaklık ve itaat bazlı söylemin ortaya çıktığı epistemolojik kırılmanın tarihsel kaynağına ve bu söylemin Tanzimat ile cumhuriyetin erken yılları arasındaki pozisyonuna bakıyor. Daha sonra, her ne kadar Türk Devrimi'nin laiklik ve pozitif bilim ilkelerine dayandığını iddia etse bile bu yeni militer-milliyetçi düzenin ve devrimlerinin toplum nezdinde uzun süredir yer alan dini epistemoloji ve söylemlerin dışına çıkamadığını, belki de bunları bir eğitim ve otorite mekanizması olarak kullanmak adına bilerek çıkmadığını ortaya koymak amacıyla yeni vatandaş olan bireylerin hayatlarının ilk evresinden son evresine, ardından da ölümlerinin ve hatıralarının bu dini arkaplan ile desteklenerek ve pekiştirilerek nasıl düzenlendiğini gösteriyor.
In the early stages of the Turkish Republic a newfound need appeared to redefine and reproduce Turkish society, who formerly consisted of mere subjects of the emperor, as "citizens" in the wake of the Turkish Revolution that brought about changes to many aspects of personal, social and cultural life. This thesis takes on the perspective of the individual citizen and chronologically studies how the newly anointed Turkish citizen is produced by the nation state machinery from birth: first within the family unit in infancy (baba ocağı), then with military education during conscription in matters both religious, military, and pertaining to social, cultural and individual life in adulthood (peygamber ocağı), with the culture of martyrdom in death, and finally with monuments, cemeteries, funerals and the nation's collective memory post-mortem, and how this system consolidates itself with the public through the usage of a framework consisting of religious sensibilities, traditions, sources and narratives. The new militarist-nationalist order trains its citizens in accordance with the new militarist-nationalist ideology and its newfound demands and requirements perceived to be critical to the survivability and continuity of the nation (albeit, despite the new order establishing the positive sciences and secularism as its foundation, it doesn't stray from traditional Islamic epistemology that bases itself in absolutism and obedience rather than positivism and secularism, the former values having become intrinsic to the makeup of the Turkish nation during its historical process spanning centuries). In order to display this, the thesis first takes a look at the sources of the epistemological break between East and West that brought forth the Islamic narrative based on adherence and absolutism and at the standing of this narrative in Turkish history and society between the Tanzimat period and the early republican years. It later shows that even though the Turkish Revolution affiliated itself with secular and positivist ideals it never truly broke from the realm of the religious narrative and epistemology that had been present in the fabric of its society for a long time, perhaps knowingly so in order to make use of this system as a tool of authority and education by regulating most, if not all personal and socio-cultural relationships of the individual citizen with this epistemology and narrative from birth until after death.
In the early stages of the Turkish Republic a newfound need appeared to redefine and reproduce Turkish society, who formerly consisted of mere subjects of the emperor, as "citizens" in the wake of the Turkish Revolution that brought about changes to many aspects of personal, social and cultural life. This thesis takes on the perspective of the individual citizen and chronologically studies how the newly anointed Turkish citizen is produced by the nation state machinery from birth: first within the family unit in infancy (baba ocağı), then with military education during conscription in matters both religious, military, and pertaining to social, cultural and individual life in adulthood (peygamber ocağı), with the culture of martyrdom in death, and finally with monuments, cemeteries, funerals and the nation's collective memory post-mortem, and how this system consolidates itself with the public through the usage of a framework consisting of religious sensibilities, traditions, sources and narratives. The new militarist-nationalist order trains its citizens in accordance with the new militarist-nationalist ideology and its newfound demands and requirements perceived to be critical to the survivability and continuity of the nation (albeit, despite the new order establishing the positive sciences and secularism as its foundation, it doesn't stray from traditional Islamic epistemology that bases itself in absolutism and obedience rather than positivism and secularism, the former values having become intrinsic to the makeup of the Turkish nation during its historical process spanning centuries). In order to display this, the thesis first takes a look at the sources of the epistemological break between East and West that brought forth the Islamic narrative based on adherence and absolutism and at the standing of this narrative in Turkish history and society between the Tanzimat period and the early republican years. It later shows that even though the Turkish Revolution affiliated itself with secular and positivist ideals it never truly broke from the realm of the religious narrative and epistemology that had been present in the fabric of its society for a long time, perhaps knowingly so in order to make use of this system as a tool of authority and education by regulating most, if not all personal and socio-cultural relationships of the individual citizen with this epistemology and narrative from birth until after death.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Kültürel Çalışmalar Ana Bilim Dalı, Kültürel Çalışmalar Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion, Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat
