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Öğe A 3D-Printed Magnetic Focus Actuator for Laser Scanning Capsule Endoscopy(Ieee, 2024) Erdil, Kuter; Kebapcioglu, Berkay; Erten, Ahmet Can; Yelten, Mustafa Berke; Ferhanoglu, OnurWe report the design, manufacturing, and characterization results of a magnetic focus actuator and integrated circuit driver for use with miniaturized laser scanning capsule endoscopy. The capsule structure comprises: (1) a magnet-attached, SLA-printed focus actuator, (2) a lens and its housing, (3) a laser diode inserted into the electro coil, and (4) an actuator driver IC, which provides alternating current output at 32 Hz by down-converting the crystal frequency multiple times to match the mechanical resonance of the actuator itself. Due to the restricted power provided by the battery within the capsule, the IC is designed to mitigate higher harmonics for improved energy efficiency. Focus actuation tests were conducted following the assembly of the actuator and IC within the capsule, showcasing a total focal shift of 3.22 mm due to the interaction between the electro coil and Nd magnets.Öğe Magnetic actuator driver system for laser scanning capsule endoscopy(Elsevier Gmbh, 2025) Kebapcioglu, Berkay; Erdil, Kuter; Erten, Ahmet Can; Ferhanoglu, Onur; Yelten, Mustafa BerkeThis paper focuses on designing and implementing a power and area-efficient magnetic actuator driver interface integrated circuit for laser scanning capsule endoscopy. The proposed system contains a 3D-printed focus- adjusting actuator embarking a lens, multiple magnets, an external coil, battery, laser, and actuator driver integrated circuit with off-chip components. The actuator features multiple pantograph springs connected to the lens, as well as multiple magnets, enabling precise focusing capability through electromagnetic actuation. A magnetic actuator driver integrated circuit implemented in a commercial 180 nm CMOS process drives the coil at 32 Hz, which is the mechanical resonance frequency of the actuator. A novel control methodology for the driver has been devised, aimed at enhancing driving efficiency and mitigating total harmonic distortion. Simulations and measurements substantiate that the actuator can induce a 3.22 mm focal point displacement while the driver circuit delivers 9.62 mA (RMS) current to the 7.7 mH coil. Under these conditions, the system exhibits an aggregate power consumption of 11.48 mW, thereby achieving a power efficiency of 85.5%.Öğe Reliability of 3D-Printed Dynamic Scanners(IEEE, 2017) Gonultas, Burak Mert; Aygun, Sacid; Khayatzadeh, Ramin; Civitci, Fehmi; Gokdel, Yigit Daghan; Yelten, Mustafa Berke; Ferhanoglu, Onur3D-printed dynamic structures have arisen as a lower cost and easier to fabricate alternative to miniaturized sensor and actuator technologies. Here, we investigate the reliability of a selected 3D-printed laser scanner, which was initially designed for miniaturized confocal imaging, having 1 x 1 cm' footprint. The scan-line, 1 resonant frequency and quality factor of 3 devices were monitored for 100,000,000 (hundred million) cycles, and an average deviation of <6% was observed for all three parameters under investigation, for the devices under test. We conclude that 3D printed dynamic structures are promising candidates for a variety of applications, including optomedical imaging applications that demand disposable and low-cost scanning technologies.Öğe Reliability Testing of 3D-Printed Polyamide Actuators(IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020) Kasap, Gokce; Gokdel, Yigit Daghan; Yelten, Mustafa Berke; Ferhanoglu, Onur3D printing is a rapidly emerging low-cost, high-yield, and high-speed manufacturing technique that has already been utilized in fabricating sensor and actuator devices. Here we investigate the cyclic fatigue and the effect of heating on 10 x 10 mm2-sized, 3D-printed polyamide-based laser scanning electromagnetic actuators, which are intended for integration with miniaturized laser-scanning imagers to yield a wide variety of optical imaging modalities. The tested actuators offer compact sizes and high-scan angles, comparable to their MEMS counterparts. We have tested N = 15 devices, at 5 different total optical scan angles between 40 degrees - 80 degrees, and observed their lifetimes (up to 108 cycles approximate to 10 days each), as well as the variability in their scan angle and mechanical resonance. A selected scanner was also tested under increased temperature conditions up to 60 degrees C for 10 hours, showing no sign of fatigue when returned to room temperature. Overall, it is concluded that 3D printed polymeric actuators are promising low-cost alternatives for short-term use in disposable opto-medical imaging units.Öğe Sige Bicmos Proses Ile 12bit Ve 2gsps Hızında Bir Analog Dijital Çevirici (Analog Digital Converter) Tasarlanması(2018) Karalar, Tufan Coşkun; Aygün, Sacid; Karabeyoğlu, Enver Derun; Çavdar, Zeynep Burcu; Yelten, Mustafa BerkeBu projede 0.13u BiCMOS prosesinde bir ADC tasarlanmıştır. ADC?nin hedeflenen örnekleme hızı 1.5Gsps ve hedeflenen SFDR çözünürlüğü 11bit olarak belirlenmiştir. Pipeline mimarisinde ADC tasarlanmıştır. Her biri 1.5bit çıkışı olan 8 kademe ve ardından 3bitlik bir Flash çevirici kullanılmıştır. Kademeler için mümkün olan her yerde ayrı güç kaynağı regülatörler kullanılarak kademeler arası etkileşim azaltılmıştır. Yüksek hızlarda saatin girişi ve sonuçların çıkışı için ayrı clock tree yapıları kullanılmıştır. Üzerinde band gap, seri arayüz clock üretici blok gibi modüller de içeren tasarım örnekleri kayıt etmek için bir memory de içermektedir.
