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Öğe Area and international studies in Turkey: The case of the United States(Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research, Ihsan Dogramaci Peace Foundation, 2012) Turan, I.Area studies in the international relations discipline have evolved in response to specific needs of countries and particular conditions of the world affairs at a given time. This article addresses a set of conditions and needs that influenced the development of area studies in international relations with a focus on the emergence and growth of studies on the United States in Turkey. Accordingly, it is argued that Turkey has historically conceptualized external relations as state-to-state relations and not prioritized initially a research program on area studies. However, the shift from import substitution to export-led growth and the end of the Cold War created an environment in which Turkey's needs to research about other societies have intensified. This has led to the establishment of research programs and centers at universities as well as the opening of think tanks, some funded by the public, others privately. In light of the assessment of the growth of these research and teaching institutions focusing on the United States, it is concluded that American studies are less developed than what might be expected given Turkey's close relationship with the United States. Some explanations are also offered for such an observation. © 2015.Öğe Being elected as an independent in a party environment(Taylor and Francis, 2012) Turan, I.[No abstract available]Öğe Criteria for appointment and promotion as a way to solve quality problem(International Relations Council of Turkey, 2007) Turan, I.[No abstract available]Öğe One step forward, two steps back: Success and failure in recent Turkish foreign policy(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013) Turan, I.Turkey's growing economy and the end of the Cold war have interjected a dynamism into Turkish foreign policy. It has meant reaching new countries and parts of the world as well as expanding and deepening existing ties. Three motivations appear to have guided Turkish foreign policy: maintaining good relations with the traditional allies; affecting changes in the global system of governance favoring rising powers; and becoming a regional leader. During the 2004-2010 period, Turkey has managed good relations with allies and advanced in regional leadership. Its efforts to bring change in the global system of governance through voting against sanctions for Iran have not proven successful. The Arab Spring has forced Turkey to work with its allies while the crisis in Syria and the way Turkey has become involved in the crisis has undermined Turkey's claim to regional leadership and produced other undesirable outcomes. Turkey appears to be losing its status as a regional leader and becoming only a regional actor.Öğe Turkey's Difficult Journey to Democracy: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back(Oxford University Press, 2015) Turan, I.The book examines Turkey's early transition to democracy when its history and level of development did not suggest it to be likely. Noting modernization theories assumed socioeconomic development preceded democratization, it asks two questions: whether an underdeveloped society that adopts democratic rule can sustain it while achieving socioeconomic development, and whether democracy deepens and matures with such development. Tracing Turkey's democratization, it argues that satisfactory socioeconomic development has been achieved, but democracy's deepening and maturing has proven difficult. Turkey's modernization has produced a culturally bifurcated society, where democratization has posed challenges to the ability of modernizing elites to dominate society. The "modernizers" have securitized politics, kept the scope of politics narrow, and rendered negotiated settlements difficult. The "traditionalists," on the other hand, have turned to unrestricted majoritarianism to support their political mandate. Economic development has strengthened civil society and the autonomy of the individual, and brought questions of prosperity to the fore, but pathologies remain. Turkey's democratization process has not been linear but cumulatively its democracy has advanced. © I?lter Turan 2015. All rights reserved.Öğe Turkey's never-ending search for democracy(Taylor and Francis, 2019) Turan, I.[No abstract available]