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Öğe Area and International Studies in Turkey: The Case of the United States(Center Foreign Policy & Peace Research, 2012) Turan, IlterArea studies in the international relations discipline have evolved in response to specific needs of countries and particular conditions of the world affairs at a given time. This article addresses a set of conditions and needs that influenced the development of area studies in international relations with a focus on the emergence and growth of studies on the United States in Turkey. Accordingly, it is argued that Turkey has historically conceptualized external relations as state-to-state relations and not prioritized initially a research program on area studies. However, the shift from import substitution to export-led growth and the end of the Cold War created an environment in which Turkey's needs to research about other societies have intensified. This has led to the establishment of research programs and centers at universities as well as the opening of think tanks, some funded by the public, others privately. In light of the assessment of the growth of these research and teaching institutions focusing on the United States, it is concluded that American studies are less developed than what might be expected given Turkey's close relationship with the United States. Some explanations are also offered for such an observation.Öğe Development Of Political Science In Turkey: History And Institutional Development(Istanbul Univ, 2009) Turan, IlterThe beginnings of Political Science in Turkey can be traced to the intensifying need of the Ottoman government for well-trained civil servants. During the republic, political science began its major growth after the transition to competitive politics. Most Turkish universities today have either a Department of Public Administration or a Department of International Relations or both. Graduate programs, particularly MAs, are thriving. More recently, research centers and think tanks have begun to expand as the need for expert information and opinion has intensified. Turkish Political Science Association has existed since 1964. The discipline is expected to grow and its content and institutional organization to become more varied over time, reflecting the growing complexity of Turkish society and its needs.Öğe EAST-WEST RELATIONS: A NEW COLD WAR?(Turkish Policy Quarterly, 2022) Turan, IlterThe Cold War bipolar order was characterized by two camps isolated from each other, competing along four dimensions: global governance, security, economics, and ideology. The end of the Cold War, with the Soviet Bloc collapsing, did not produce a U.S.-dominated unipolar but a multi-centered world. The Americans, losing power and influence and the Russians to restore their superpower status have been trying to reconstruct bipolarity. If reconstructed China, not Russia, would likely constitute the other pole, an outcome Russia does not want. Economic relations and Chinese disinterest currently prevent a bipolar world like the one we have left behind. We may be moving toward a multi-centered world with many unpredictable aspects, including armed conflicts such an order may entail.Öğe Islamism, Democracy and Liberalism in Turkey: The Case of the AKP(Oxford Univ Press, 2012) Turan, Ilter[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Multiplying vectors: A framework for maximizing Turkey's freedom in formulating and implementing foreign policy(Homer Academic Publ House, 2009) Turan, Ilter[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Never quite making it: Turkey's repeated attempts at political democracy(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Turan, IlterThe article addresses the question of impediments to the consolidation of democratic governance in Turkey. Historical path dependence (weight of history), cultural bifurcation emanating from Turkey's modernization strategy, the legacy of the single party experience, the choice of particular economic development policies, and the role of individual leaders are examined with a view to how each may have contributed to a comprehensive set of difficulties Turkey has encountered in its efforts to evolve into a democratically governed society.Öğe Reorienting Turkish Foreign Policy: Successes, Failures, Limitations(Routledge, 2015) Turan, Ilter[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The Evolution, the Institutionalization and the Consequences of Leadership Oligarchy in Turkish Political Parties(Istanbul Univ, 2011) Turan, IlterTurkish political parties display an oligarchic leadership structure and experience difficulty in changing leaders. In addition to state directed modernization producing a legacy of single party rule which Turkish democracy has inherited and the powerful central state as a model, the prevalence of clientelistic relations and the evolution of a culture supportive of leadership oligarchy have all contributed to leadership oligarchy. The oligarchic tendencies continue to be supported by the continuation of extensive clientelistic relations and the construction of a legal framework that supports it. The organizational structure of parties, their methods of candidate designation for public office and many other factors lend support to the continuation of leadership oligarchy. Oligarchic leadership structure is dysfunctional for the well-functioning of a democratic system.Öğe THE FIRST WORLD WAR HUNDRED YEARS LATER(Turkish Policy Quarterly, 2014) Turan, IlterThe Turkish Republic, along with a number of other states in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Middle East, represents the end product of the dissolution of multiethnic and multireligious empires. In contrast to other defeated nations of the First World War, it has appeared like Turkey had successfully addressed many of the problems it encountered during the War, or in its immediate aftermath. As time has shown, however, elements of a legacy sometimes disappear and then later reappear; they are defined and redefined, depending on the times, conditions, events, needs, and psychologies. Accordingly, this article explores the direct and indirect effects of the legacy of WWI on Turkey's contemporary developments.Öğe Öğe Turkish Politics and the Rise of the AKP: Dilemmas of Institutionalization and Leadership.(Sage Publications Ltd, 2010) Turan, Ilter[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Two steps forward one step back: Turkey's democratic transformation(Routledge, 2014) Turan, Ilter[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Öğe Unstable stability: Turkish politics at the crossroads?(Oxford Univ Press, 2007) Turan, IlterThe Justice and Development Party has been in power in Turkey since 2002 after a sweeping victory. The party has since implemented a successful economic stabilization programme and led the country into membership negotiations with the European Union. The educated modern-urban segments of the population, however, continue to harbour suspicion that the government party has a secret agenda of turning Turkey into an Islamic state. Although the evidence for such a fear is not fully convincing, it can be understood within the broader framework of Turkish modernization which was carried out by a highly centralized state in the cultural-educational domain in an uncompromising fashion, generating a social bifurcation between the moderns and the traditionalists. After the transition to competitive politics, elected politicians worked to curb the power of the state elites that have been the exponents of modernization policies. Supported also by economic development that has expanded society's power against the state, the political elites have worked to expand their scope for decision-making. Such redistribution of power in society has been problematical and has twice resulted in military interventions. The shift in the balance of power in favour of the political (elected) elite is nearing completion. The struggle is currently centered on the election of a new president by the parliament in May 2007 because historically the presidency has been seen as a position that counterbalances the preferences of the political elite by those of the state elite. Although likely to cause perturbations, the president will be elected by the Justice and Development Party. Consolidation of Turkey's democracy is continuing.
