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    Dark knowledge befits dark color: Turkish novelists interrogate the ideology of light
    (Homer Academic Publ House, 2009) Parla, Jale
    The Republican discourse of progress has established a strong link between Turkey's modernization and the absolute power of light. As the Turkish word aydin (enlightened) replaced the Ottoman munevver (intellectual), the obligation to be enlightened along the dictates of Kemalist precepts became a national imperative. This over-valuation of light in the Cultural and ideological spheres has provoked some Turkish novelists to interrogate the cliches of the symbolism of light versus dark, by obscuring their writing with the twilight colors of shadowy zones. Their texts challenge the reader to dig up what lies beyond the shadows and behind the mists with which these writers have chosen to darken their tales. As the intellectual tradition of modern Turkey has evaded doubt, uncertainty, and indeterminacy, the majority of Turkish novelists have opted for novels of clarity, sited on the axis of conviction and invested with moral certitude. The genealogy of the writers of the dark and dim zone of doubt, disillusionment, and frustration, however, has generated the more intriguing, if not more interesting, novels.
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    The Wounded Tongue: Turkey's Language Reform and the Canonicity of the Novel
    (Modern Language Assoc Amer, 2008) Parla, Jale
    With little Ottoman and less French, the tragicomic hero of an early Turkish novel, Araba Sevdasi (1896; The Carriage Affair), finds himself at a semantic impasse before a line in a French poem that reads, [K]elime seyi resmetmeye borclu ise ([I]f the word could represent the thing). Frustrated, he throws the poem away, grumbling, [T]ous les poetes sont fous ([A]ll poets are fools). This defiant gesture marks the beginning of the linguistic issue the Turkish novelists confronted during the first century of the Turkish novel (1870-1970). The reformist objective of these novelists was the employment of a vernacular style to appeal to the readership of an emerging print culture. The subsequent nationalist attempts to simplify the Turkish language led, in Geoffrey Lewis's words, to the catastrophic success of the language revolution of the republican era and had dire consequences for the development of the novel in Turkey.