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Öğe Cross-linguistic Distributional Analyses with Frequent Frames: The Cases of German and Turkish(Cascadilla Press, 2011) Wang, Hao; Hoehle, Barbara; Ketrez, F. Nihan; Kuentay, Aylin C.; Mintz, Toben H.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Effect of sex and dyad composition on speech and gesture development of singleton and twin children(Cambridge Univ Press, 2021) Ozturk, Sumeyra; Pinar, Ebru; Ketrez, F. Nihan; Ozcaliskan, SeydaChildren's early vocabulary shows sex differences - with boys having smaller vocabularies than age-comparable girls - a pattern that becomes evident in both singletons and twins. Twins also use fewer words than their singleton peers. However, we know relatively less about sex differences in early gesturing in singletons or twins, and also how singletons and twins might differ in their early gesture use. We examine the patterns of speech and gesture production of singleton and twin children, ages 0;10-to-3;4, during structured parent-child play. Boys and girls - singleton or twin - were similar in speech and gesture production, but singletons used a greater amount and diversity of speech and gestures than twins. There was no effect of twin dyad type (boy-boy, girl-girl, boy-girl) on either speech or gesture production. These results confirm earlier research showing close integration between gesture and speech in singletons in early language development, and further extend these patterns to twin children.Öğe Harmonic cues for speech segmentation: a cross-linguistic corpus study on child-directed speech(Cambridge Univ Press, 2014) Ketrez, F. NihanPrevious studies on the role of vowel harmony in word segmentation are based on artificial languages where harmonic cues reliably signal word boundaries. In this corpus study run on the data available at CHILDES, we investigated whether natural languages provide a learner with reliable segmentation cues similar to the ones created artificially. We observed that in harmonic languages (child-directed speech to thirty-five Turkish and three Hungarian children), but not in non-harmonic ones (child-directed speech to one Farsi and four Polish children), harmonic vowel sequences are more likely to appear within words, and non-harmonic ones mostly appear across word boundaries, suggesting that natural harmonic languages provide a learner with regular cues that could potentially be used for word segmentation along with other cues.Öğe INCOMPLETE ACQUISITION OF THE TURKISH DIFFERENTIAL OBJECT MARKING(Editura Acad Romane, 2015) Ketrez, F. NihanThe differential object marking (the Accusative case) emerges very early, with very few errors in the speech of children acquiring Turkish. However, its early use is restricted to definite objects, although in adult speech it can be used with a variety of different interpretations, among which are specificity, presuppositionality, and wide scope with respect to other constituents. In this study, through experiments, 4;0, 5;0 and 6;0 year old children's comprehension of Accusative indefinites was tested. The results of the experiments suggested that the children did not differentiate Accusative-marked and non-case-marked objects in terms of their scope-taking properties, therefore provided evidence for an incomplete acquisition pattern despite the early emergence of the Accusative case in spontaneous productions.Öğe Parental Speech and Gesture Input to Girls Versus Boys in Singletons and Twins(Springer, 2021) Pinar, Ebru; Ozturk, Sumeyra; Ketrez, F. Nihan; Ozcaliskan, SeydaChildren show sex differences in early speech development, with girls producing a greater number and variety of words at an earlier age than boys (Berglund et al. in Scand J Psychol 46(6): 485-491, 2005)-a pattern that also becomes evident in gesture (Butterworth and Morisette in J Reprod Infant Psychol 14(3): 219-231, 1996). Importantly, parents show variability in how they produce speech when interacting with their singleton sons vs. daughters (i.e., Cherry and Lewis in Dev Psychol 12: 278-282, 1976; Leaper et al. in Dev Psychol 34: 3-27, 1998). However, it is unknown whether the variability in speech input extends to different twin dyads or becomes evident in gesture input. In this study, we examined parental gesture and speech input to 35 singleton (19 boys, 16 girls) and 62 twin (10 boy-boy, 9 girl-girl, and 12 girl-boy dyads) Turkish children (age range = 0;10-3;4) in parent-child interactions. We asked whether there is evidence of sex (girls vs. boys) or group (singletons vs. twins) differences in parents' speech and gesture production, and whether these differences also become evident in different twin dyads (girl-girl, boy-boy, girl-boy). Our results, based on parent-child interactions, largely showed no evidence of sex or dyad-composition difference in either parent speech or gesture, but evidence of a group difference in gesture, with the parents of singletons providing a greater amount, diversity, and complexity of gestures than parents of twins in their interactions. These results suggest that differences in parent input to singletons vs. twins might become evident initially in gesture.Öğe The surfeit of the stimulus: Analytic biases filter lexical statistics in Turkish laryngeal alternations(2011-03) Ketrez, F. NihanIn an experimental task with novel words, we find that some lexical statistical regularities of Turkish phonotactics are productively extended in nonce words, while others are not. In particular, while laryngeal alternation rates in the lexicon can be predicted by the place of articulation of the stem-final stop, by word-length, and by the preceding vowel quality, this laryngeal alternation is only productively conditioned by place of articulation and word-length. Speakers' responses in a novel word task demonstrate that although they are attuned to the place of articulation and size effects, they ignore preceding vowels, even though the lexicon contains this information in abundance. We interpret this finding as evidence that speakers distinguish between phonologically motivated generalizations and accidental generalizations. We propose that universal grammar (UG), a set of analytic biases, acts as a filter on the generalizations that humans can make: UG contains information about possible and impossible interactions between phonological elements. Omnivorous statistical models that do not have information about possible interactions incorrectly reproduce accidental generalizations, thus failing to model speakers' behavior.
