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Öğe An empirical analysis of mental state talk and affect regulation in two single-cases of psychodynamic child therapy(American Psychological Association Inc., 2017) Halfon, S.; Gürleyen; Bekar, O.Literature has shown the importance of mentalizing techniques in symptom remission and emotional understanding; however, no study to date has looked at the dynamic relations between mental state talk and affect regulation in the psychotherapy process. From a psychodynamic perspective, the emergence of the child's capacity to regulate affect through the therapist's reflection on the child's mental states is a core aspect of treatment. In an empirical investigation of 2 single cases with separation anxiety disorder, who were treated in long-term psychodynamic play therapy informed with mentalization principles, the effect of therapists' and children's use of mental state talk on children's subsequent capacity to regulate affect in play was assessed. One case was a positive outcome case, whereas the other did not show symptomatic improvement at the end of treatment. Children's and therapists' utterances in the sessions were coded using the Coding System for Mental State Talk in Narratives, and children's play was coded by Children's Play Therapy Instrument, which generated an index of children's "affect regulation." Time-series Granger Causality tests showed that even though both therapists' use of mental state talk significantly predicted children's subsequent affect regulation, the association between child's mental state talk and affect regulation was only supported for the child who showed clinically significant symptom reduction. This study provided preliminary support that mental state talk in psychodynamic psychotherapy facilitates emotion regulation in play. © 2017 American Psychological Association.Öğe Assessment of Mentalization-Based Interventions with School-Age Children(Routledge, 2024) Halfon, S.A common factor linked to recovery in a variety of psychotherapies is mentalizing, the fundamental human ability to understand oneself and others in terms of intentional mental states, such as feelings, desires, attitudes, and goals. Psychotherapy interventions that promote mentalization are also linked to positive outcomes. The adoption of mentalization-based interventions for children has been somewhat slow, despite their potential. Moreover, when compared to the evidence-base for mentalization-based interventions for infants or adults, middle childhood currently lacks a well-developed body of research supporting mentalization-based interventions. The studies depicted in this paper aim to address this gap, elucidating the kinds of mentalization-based interventions and their assessments that are being conducted at Istanbul Bilgi University Psychotherapy Center. These studies have the aim of not only assessing the effectiveness of mentalization-based interventions with school-age children, but also identifying why and how these interventions work, meaningfully linking clinical process with outcome. © 2024 JICAP Foundation, Inc.Öğe Dyadic Mental State Talk and Sophistication of Symbolic Play between Parents and Children with Behavioral Problems(Routledge, 2017) Halfon, S.; Bekar, Ö.; Ababay, S.; Dorlach, G.Ç.Parents’ ability to recognize children’s mental states and use mental state language in their interactions are associated with children’s mentalization, affect regulation, and symbolization in play. However, the relations among these constructs have not been investigated in school-age children with behavioral problems. This study examined the association between 53 Turkish mother-child and 40 father-child dyads’ mental state talk, children’s play characteristics, and behavioral problems at the beginning of psychotherapy. Results indicated that parents’ and children’s play-related mental state talk was associated with children’s interactive role-play, and mothers’ mental state talk was associated with children’s affect regulation in play. Moreover, mental state talk through pretend play was linked with fewer internalizing symptoms; yet a direct focus on children’s mental states out-of-pretend play was correlated with more behavioral problems, highlighting the multidimensional nature of the mentalization construct. These results are discussed taking into account the socio-cultural variations of the Turkish culture highlighting the unique characteristics of the parent-child play in context. The clinical implications point to the importance of parental and child mentalization within pretend play, that provide opportunities for affect processing, which could promote symptomatic improvement. © 2017 JICAP Foundation, Inc.Öğe Extracting Psychological Features out of Drawings of HTP test(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Abdullah, L.; Halfon, S.; Sönmez, E.B.The House-Tree-Person (HTP) test is extensively used in different contexts to assess personality related issues. At test time, the respondent is requested to draw a house, a tree and a person. The drawings are later interpreted by therapists to assess emotional indicators. Due to its simplicity, this test is used with individuals aged over 3 years. This paper presents the first results of a bigger project, which aims to use artificial intelligence and image processing techniques to classify House-Tree-Person pictures, to extract psychological features out of those drawings and to find the optimal combination of those signs that may be indicative of psychological maladjustment. Having done the initial HTP classification task, this research focuses on the pictures of houses, searching for the presence/absence of the roof. This work used sketches provided by the department of Psychology of Istanbul Bilgi University and other drawings retrieved from multiple resources and from the internet. In the HTP classification task, the reached performance is 96.81% and 98.84% in the validation and test sets, respectively. In the roof detection task, the achieved accuracy is 70.73%, over a test set of 41 "house"images from which 29 were correctly classified. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Imbalances and Impairments in Mental State Talk of Children with Internalizing and Externalizing Problems(Routledge, 2020) Halfon, S.; Coşkun, A.; Bekar, Ö.; Steele, H.The aims of this study were to investigate the associations between impairments and imbalances in children’s mental state talk, attachment security and abuse/neglect experiences, and to study how much of the variance in internalizing and externalizing problems was explained by mentalization problems. The sample included 100 Turkish children (M Age = 7.00 (SD = 2.01), 38% girls) referred to a outpatient psychotherapy clinic. Children were administered an attachment-based story stem task in order to code attachment security and different categories of mental state talk, including the extent of their direction (self vs other), balance, and appropriateness. Parents and teachers filled out socio-behavioral function scales. Findings indicated a significant positive association between externalizing problems and impaired mentalization. Internalizing problems were associated with mentalizing the other at the expense of one’s own mental states and underusing emotions. Attachment insecurity and adverse experiences were associated with mentalization impairments and imbalances. Finally, underuse of emotions and self-focused mental state talk predicted internalizing problems and impaired mental state talk predicted externalizing problems at trend level of significance. Qualitative analyses supported the results, which suggest that whereas children with externalizing problems suffer from severe mentalization deficits, children with internalizing problems undermentalize about themselves and emotions. © 2020 JICAP Foundation, Inc.Öğe Play Profile Constructions: An Empirical Assessment of Children’s Play in Psychodynamic Play Therapy(Routledge, 2017) Halfon, S.Play assessment can be used therapeutically to determine whether and how play would be an appropriate intervention mode for children with clinical diagnoses, and to track their therapeutic progress. However, detailed and standardized play protocols that can catalogue children’s play behaviors in psychodynamic therapy are not widely available. The aim of this study was to empirically construct profiles of play using items selected from the Children’s Play Therapy Instrument (CPTI), reflecting the complex play patterns of children with mental health difficulties. These constructed play profiles integrate quantitative items associated with cognitive, affective, social qualities of play, as well as children’s coping strategies. The initial session of 62 children in psychodynamic play therapy was recorded, transcribed and coded using the CPTI, and children’s play profiles were computed. The reliability of the play profiles, and their preliminary associations with children’s symptomatic and behavioral functioning were tested. Results showed that the play profiles showed good inter-rater reliability, internal consistency and their associations were in expected directions with the majority of the criterion measures. Given the limitations of the current empirical play measures in clinical settings, the preliminary validation provided in this study of the play profiles add a significant contribution to existing literature. © 2017 JICAP Foundation, Inc.
