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    A comparative analysis of European and Turkish soft power (geo) strategies in Central Asia and in South Caucasus "case studies: Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan"
    (İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2022) Hajikhalilov, Tughray; Rüma, Şadan İnan
    ABSTRACT: Joseph Nye explored the concept of soft power arguing that soft power is one of the effective tools of foreign policy of states in the 21st century and states use the soft power to influence or attract a particular region with soft power tools such as policies, values, culture, institutions, rather than hard power elements such as military power or economic sanctions. The EU and Turkey have numerous soft power exercises and programs in the post-soviet republics. Central Asia and South Caucasus were target regions that EU and TR projected their soft power programs to develop bilateral relations in cultural, economic, and public diplomacy aspects. The thesis will cover the EU's use of soft power after the 2004 enlargement and Turkey's soft power during Turkey's JDP period from 2002 onwards. Therefore, the thesis aims to analyze and compare the soft power (geo) strategies of European Union (EU) and the Turkish Republic (TR) in Central Asia and in South Caucasus. To achieve this, the study uses William Walter’s geostrategic framework (2004) which is the theoretical groundwork for this research. William Walter proposed four types of geo strategies and clarifies that each “geo-strategy” has a certain purpose, key concepts, and main codes. Thus, using Directed Content Analysis as the methodology of the thesis, the study will identify main codes, themes and key concepts from the selected literature and then will assign those codes, key concepts to the “codes of the geostrategies”. Consequently, the study will provide an in depth analysis and comparison of the similarities and differences between which geo-strategy is employed by which actor and where.