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    Conservative habitus and migration
    (İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2021) Giray, Talha Cesim; Erdoğan, Emre
    ABSTRACT: This thesis focuses on conservatism and migration phenomena in the Turkish context through Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field, and capital. We conceptualize conservatism as the identity-based source of practices and thoughts of the current dominant social group of Turkey while we refer to the Syrian migrants’ influx to Turkey as the migration phenomenon. Syrian migrants came to Turkey thanks to the open-door policies of the conservative sovereignty, obtained some rights in 2014 and 2016, accommodated in the neighborhoods that are known as conservative social spaces, and selectively incorporated through an ethnoreligious approach. As of 2019, three events indicated a transformation in the reception policies of Syrian migrants. Firstly, conservative social groups started to associate the Syrian migration phenomenon with the deteriorated economic situation, and this resulted in the Turkish governments’ loss of İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Following this, the Interior Ministry banned the entry of Syrian migrants to İstanbul while started to send away those who already resided in the city. Secondly, the repatriation discourse of Syrian migrants was embraced by the conservative social groups during and after the Turkish Armed Forces’ third operation to northern Syria in 2019. Lastly, following the Idlib crisis in 2020, Turkish government opened the western borders of the country for migrants to move to Europe which, again, was embraced by the conservative social groups. These incidents made us scrutinize the reasons for the embracement of conservatives to evacuation strategies of Syrian migrants considering their relatively welcoming attitudes towards them. Hence, we asked how this transformation in reception policies impacted the relations of conservative social groups and Syrian migrants and why conservatives failed to incorporate Syrian migrants who reside in their social spaces. We focused on the Fatih district of İstanbul to gather empirical data with a qualitative field study design and came up with four intertwined reasons of exclusion. One reason is the density of Syrian migrants and the fallouts of this situation which made migrants an important social force in terms of obtaining enough social capital to compete with inhabitants’ networks. The second reason is the protracted stay of migrants in the conservative social space which made migrants become settled populations which resulted in contestation among social groups in their practices of daily life. A further reason is the deterioration of the unifying impact of the ethnoreligious bridges between social groups which were replaced with the construction of symbolic capital that made to emphasize the differences. The final reason is the macro transformation in political sphere that has started to engage with Syria-related issues through the security lenses which provided a top-down legitimization to the exclusion attempts in the social space. This study is an attempt to contribute to the works of literature on conservatism and migration in the context of Turkey. The dynamics of conflict and competition among the migrants and inhabitants of the conservative social space is an emerging issue. Hence, this study focuses on that aspect of conservative social space that stayed under the shadow of cultural intimacy-based analyses up to now.