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Öğe Different patterns for different conditions The influence of personal characteristics on attitudes towards medicine use(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015) Baslevent, Cem; Maran, TugbaPurpose - Using data from the European Social Survey, the purpose of this paper is to examine the individual-level determinants of the attitudes toward the use of medicines to treat common conditions such as hair loss and weight gain. Design/methodology/approach - The authors estimate ordered logit models in which the five conditions inquired about in the survey are the dependent variables. Findings - The variation in the average approval scores for medicine use implies differing degrees of medicalization for the five conditions inquired about in the survey, and the associations observed in the multivariate analysis reveal that part of the subjectivity in attitudes can be attributed to basic personal characteristics, namely age, gender, and education. Self-evaluations of general health, happiness, religiosity, and political ideology are also found to influence people's attitudes in predictable ways. Research limitations/implications - The examinations point to the shortcomings of the available data sets in sorting out the roles of different factors - such as the presence of effective treatments without side effects - in reaching the observed attitudes for medicine use. Social implications - The empirical findings suggest that the overuse of medicines can become a more serious problem in the near future in aging European societies. Originality/value - The authors demonstrate that higher approval scores among younger and more educated people on the whole and among women with respect to hair loss suggest that more medicalized attitudes are not necessarily found among groups the most likely to have the condition in question, but those who find it the most difficult to imagine themselves being in that situation.Öğe Discerning self-interested behaviour in attitudes towards welfare state responsibilities across Europe(Wiley, 2011) Baslevent, Cem; Kirmanoglu, HasanThis article reports on an investigation into the influence of individual characteristics on attitudes to government responsibility for welfare-related tasks using data from the European Social Survey. The main finding of this investigation was that socio-demographic characteristics, basic personal values, a left-right ideological position and religious affiliation were all associated with attitudes towards welfare policies. An item-by-item examination of the six issues enquired about in the survey revealed that people tended to hold the government responsible for tasks that would benefit them more directly. Taken as a whole, the empirical findings were interpreted to mean that individuals' tastes for welfare state policies were driven, at least partially, by self-interest, but it was also noted that further work was needed to disentangle the potential role of group loyalty effects.Öğe Do Preferences for Job Attributes Provide Evidence of 'Hierarchy of Needs'?(Springer, 2013) Baslevent, Cem; Kirmanoglu, HasanWe examine whether employees' preferences for various job attributes are associated with their individual characteristics in ways that are in line with 'hierarchy of needs' theories. Using data from the fifth round of the European Social Survey, we observe the influence of socio-demographic and dispositional characteristics as well as socialization experiences on opinions regarding the importance of five different desirable job attributes. An item-by-item examination of the attributes (including 'security' and 'offering a high income') reveals that dispositional factors (measured using the battery of items in Schwartz's theory of basic personal values) influence job attitudes in expected ways, but employees also tend to place more importance on attributes that concern them more directly. For example, while female employees care more about being able to combine work and family responsibilities, younger workers value training opportunities more highly than older ones. Regarding socialization experiences, we find that job security is more important for those who have been unemployed in the past. We interpret our findings to mean that 'hierarchy of needs' theories are valid in the context of job attitudes in the sense that the ranking of preferred job attributes is quite predictable once individual characteristics are accounted for.Öğe Equalizing and disequalizing income components: how to decide which is which(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Baslevent, CemThe purpose of this note is to clarify what is meant by the 'proportionate contribution' of an income source to total inequality when the contributions of income sources are examined contemporaneously as opposed to simply measuring the impact of the addition (or exclusion) of an income source. It is shown that the proportionate contribution figures that come out of decomposition by factor components analyses need to be interpreted with caution. They may be misleading if one ignores the fact that those figures depend on the shares of the factors in total income. Another problem could be that the equalizing effect of a relatively more equally distributed factor is overlooked in the interest of treating the factors simultaneously.Öğe Female labor supply in Turkey(Routledge, 2006) Tunali, Insan; Baslevent, Cem[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Gender Inequality in Europe and the Life Satisfaction of Working and Non-working Women(Springer, 2017) Baslevent, Cem; Kirmanoglu, HasanEmpirical analysis of data drawn from the European Social Survey reveals that-after individual characteristics are controlled for-women engaging in market work and housework have similar life satisfaction levels. Complementing the micro-level data from the survey with country-level variables, namely GDP per capita and gender inequality (measured by the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index, GGGI), we estimate a multilevel regression model to shed light on the contextual factors of the life satisfaction of women in Europe. We find that working women's well-being relative to housewives is greater in countries where the GGGI indicates a smaller gender gap, i.e. where women are in a better position in terms of equality with men in the public domains. We interpret this finding to mean that the so-called 'paradox of declining female happiness' is in part due to persistent gender roles which appear to have a larger impact on the well-being of working women.Öğe The Impact of Deviations from Desired Hours of Work on the Life Satisfaction of Employees(Springer, 2014) Baslevent, Cem; Kirmanoglu, HasanWe estimate an ordinal logistic multilevel model to examine the determinants of the life satisfaction of employees in Europe. Data drawn from the European social survey reveals that deviations from desired hours of work (measured as the absolute difference between the actual and preferred weekly number of hours) reduce overall life satisfaction, but the effect is smaller in countries with higher unemployment rates. We interpret this finding as evidence that in environments where anxieties about job security are high, having a job brings about a certain level of life satisfaction regardless of the gap between the actual and preferred time spent in the labor market. We also find no statistically significant difference between male and female employees with regard to the impact of the work hours mismatch. This finding suggests that the gender differences which would have been expected in this context are already incorporated in the respondents' subjectively determined desired hours of work. In fact, further examinations confirm that 'desired hours' are associated with both socio-demographic characteristics (in particular, gender) and preferences for labor market work.Öğe Imputed rents and regional income inequality in Turkey: A subgroup decomposition of the Atkinson index(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006) Dayioglu, Meltem; Baslevent, CemThe purpose of this study is to examine the regional differences in the effect of home ownership on income distribution in urban Turkey. The earlier finding that income distribution improves with the inclusion of imputed rents from owner-occupied housing has raised the question about whether this pattern is unique to a small number of densely populated areas where squatting is more widespread or whether it is more of a widely observed phenomenon. A decomposition analysis-based on the Atkinson index-that treats Turkey's geographical regions ( and, alternatively, provinces) as the subgroups that make up the whole population reveals that the main contributors to the overall improvement are the regions in which squatting is more prevalent.Öğe Life Satisfaction of Ethnic Minority Members: An Examination of Interactions with Immigration, Discrimination, and Citizenship(Springer, 2014) Kirmanoglu, Hasan; Baslevent, CemUsing data from the European Social Survey, we examine the overall life satisfaction of individuals, focusing on the influence of belonging to an ethnic minority group. Building on the existing literature, we control for immigrant and citizenship statuses and discrimination perceptions as well as several commonly-used socio-demographic variables. Through the use of interaction terms in an ordered probit model, we demonstrate that the magnitude of the negative impact of discrimination perceptions depends on the type of discrimination as well as minority membership status. Similarly, we find that first and second generation immigrants differ in their levels of life satisfaction and also according to whether they consider themselves as an ethnic minority member. Citizenship status turns out to be of secondary relevance since it is found to be a significant factor only in models that exclude the immigration variables. In the presence of the aforementioned control variables, ethnic minority membership is also found not to have a universal stand-alone effect on life satisfaction, but only for individuals with certain attributes as indicated by the interaction terms in the empirical model.Öğe PARTY PREFERENCES AND ECONOMIC VOTING IN TURKEY (NOW THAT THE CRISIS IS OVER)(Sage Publications Ltd, 2009) Baslevent, Cem; Kirmanoglu, Hasan; Senatalar, BurhanThe purpose of this study is to re-examine the factors that shape party preferences in Turkey by estimating an individual vote intention function. The economic variables in the empirical model are items that can be used to test the conventional 'economic voting' hypotheses, i.e. whether individuals' economic evaluations about the past or the near future affect their party choice. In an earlier article, based on data from 2002, evidence was found in favour of these hypotheses. Those who had been affected adversely by the economic crisis of 2001 were found to be very unlikely to vote for the incumbent parties of the time. In the present article, we focus on comparing the characteristics of the intended voters of the currently ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) with those of other parties. According to multinomial logit estimates, those who make the more optimistic evaluations about the state of the economy are more likely to vote for the AKP. There is also an obvious increase in the number of AKP voters who support Turkey's European Union membership.Öğe Preferences for early retirement among older government employees in Egypt(Economics Bulletin, 2009) Baslevent, Cem; El-Hamidi, FatmaThe objective of this study is to determine the factors affecting the early retirement preferences of Egyptian government sector employees. In line with the existing literature, we consider the possibility that the early retirement and post- retirement employment decisions are made jointly. We do this by estimating a recursive bivariate probit model in which the endogenous 'post- retirement work'' variable is among the explanatory variables in the 'early retirement'' equation. Estimation results based on a 2005 survey reveal that the two decisions are in fact correlated. As expected, people who plan to work after retirement are more likely to choose early retirement.Öğe Self-perceived age categorization as a determinant of the old age boundary(Economics Bulletin, 2010) Baslevent, CemUsing data from the European Social Survey, we investigate the influence of individuals' self-perceptions of being a member of an age group on their assessment of the beginning of 'old age'. The proper examination of this relationship calls for the consideration of the effects of age and gender as well as the fact that people who concur that a boundary for old age exists ( thus provide a numerical response to the relevant survey question) constitute a non-random subsample of the population with respect to the outcome of interest. Therefore, the econometric work features a two-equation selection model that jointly estimates the 'Old age boundary' and the 'Numerical response' equations. Our finding is that the two equations are in fact correlated, and - along with age and gender - self-perceived age categorization has a significant effect on the subjective old age boundary. People who categorize themselves in younger age groups than others of the same chronological age have higher old age boundaries.Öğe Socio-demographic determinants of the support for Turkey's Justice and Development Party(Economics Bulletin, 2013) Baslevent, CemUsing official census data for the province of Istanbul, we identify the determinants of the support for the Justice and Development Party (AKP) which has been in power in Turkey since 2002. District-level socio-demographic indicators such as the gender gap in education and the mean age - which are expected to proxy for social conservatism and the fertility rate. respectively - perform remarkably well as predictors of the party's vote share. The econometric findings are in line with the hypothesis that the AKP has benefited from the existing living conditions of the urban population, especially in peripheral metropolitan areas, and has been particularly successful in identifying the worldviews and addressing the needs of conservative voters many of whom are first or second generation migrants.Öğe Using basic personal values to test theories of union membership(Oxford Univ Press, 2012) Kirmanoglu, Hasan; Baslevent, CemUsing data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey, we investigate the determinants of the individual union membership decision, focusing on the role of dispositionalas opposed to situationalfactors. We argue that the battery of items in Schwartzs (1992) theory of basic personal values is relevant in the context of unionism and can be used to test the validity of certain elements of existing theories. We further claim that the use of basic values in this context is an effective way of operationalizing the role of societal interests embedded in the rational choice explanations for union membership. The econometric workwhich features a three-way outcome variable identifying current, former and never-membersreveals that, along with socio-demographic, ideological, firm-level and sectoral characteristics, basic values are closely related to union membership status. While higher self-transcendence and conservation scores are associated with a greater likelihood of being a current member, higher openness-to-change and self-enhancement scores have the opposite effect.