Translation, cultural adaptation, and preliminary data evaluation of the Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) and BruxScreen in Turkey

Abstract

Background: The Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) and Bruxism Screener (BruxScreen) are instruments developed to support the structured evaluation of bruxism across clinical and research settings. For effective use in different populations, translation, cultural adaptation, and preliminary data collection are essential. This study aimed to translate the STAB and BruxScreen into Turkish and evaluate their comprehensibility, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary clinical applicability. Methods: Translation and cultural adaptation of both instruments into Turkish were performed according to original developers’ guidelines. A panel of 12 experts in prosthodontics and/or orofacial pain supervised the process. Independent forward and backward translations were conducted and pilot-tested using the “ThreeStep Test Interview” among patients, dentists, and dental students. Additionally, preliminary data were collected using selected components of both instruments to explore their clinical utility. Results: Both instruments were translated and culturally adapted. Pilot testing confirmed the face validity and demonstrated high levels of comprehensibility, feasibility, and acceptability across participant groups. Preliminary data collected from patients supported the instruments’ applicability and initial clinical utility within the Turkish population. Conclusions: The Turkish versions of both instruments appear to be valid and feasible tools for standardized bruxism assessment. The observed alignment between the outcomes of both instruments underscores their complementary nature and supports their combined use. Their integration may enhance the multidimensional evaluation of bruxism and contribute to international efforts aimed at refining and harmonizing assessment protocols across populations. © 2026 The Author(s).