Wave transmission through living shoreline breakwalls

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dc.authoridSafak, Ilgar/0000-0001-7675-0770
dc.authorwosidSafak, Ilgar/AAC-4362-2021
dc.contributor.authorSafak, I.
dc.contributor.authorAngelini, C.
dc.contributor.authorNorby, P. L.
dc.contributor.authorDix, N.
dc.contributor.authorRoddenberry, A.
dc.contributor.authorHerbert, D.
dc.contributor.authorAstrom, E.
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-18T20:42:31Z
dc.date.available2024-07-18T20:42:31Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.departmentİstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractLiving shorelines are being widely implemented to mitigate shoreline erosion and provide ecosystem services, but how they interact with waves remains poorly understood. Wave transmission through living shoreline breakwalls is studied using field observations and theoretical approaches. The following hypotheses are tested: (i) living shoreline breakwalls can act as buffers against waves; (ii) wave transmission through these nature -based solutions is modulated by tides; and (iii) wave transmission through living shoreline breakwalls is similar to the behavior observed in waves through porous breakwaters. Observations were collected in intertidal settings where boat wakes and tides are the major flow components. Nearly 1000 boat wakes were identified in the observations using advanced time-frequency data analysis methods. Wave transmission through the break -walls composed of tree branches was quantified and modulation of this process by tides was investigated. The two tested breakwall designs provided different behaviors of wave transmission. In the first design with an estimated porosity of 0.7 where the tree branches were bundled, transmission rates were found to vary mostly between 9% and 70% and had an average of 53%. Transmission increased with increasing water depth especially at mid-tide and low-tide where the height of the breakwall relative to depth was between 0.5 and 1. In the second design with an estimated porosity of 0.9 where the tree branches were not bundled, transmission rates exceeded 70% in 84% of the cases, sometimes reaching 100% transmission, and had an average of 83% with much less variability with depth compared to the first design. Wave transmission estimates based on theory of porous media were found to be most sensitive to breakwall porosity and the friction coefficient. Best agreement between the observed and theoretical estimates of wave transmission was found using a turbulent friction coefficient of 2.7, the median value of the most common range given in the literature on waves through porous media. The highest discrepancy between observed and theoretical estimates of wave transmission occurs at shallow depths when the breakwall emerged. In these conditions, the theory overestimates transmitted wave energy, most likely due to significant wave breaking and bottom friction in shallow water. The findings support our hypotheses that well-engineered semi-porous living shorelines act as buffers against human-mediated boat traffic and waves, and their related performance in dissipating wave energy and sustaining coastal ecosystems is modulated by depth. The results can be used as guidelines for design of living shorelines for given wave climate and breakwall properties.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Estuarine Research Reserve System Science Collaborative; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) through the Florida Marine Resources Trust Fund; [NAI4NOS4190145]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was sponsored by the National Estuarine Research Reserve System Science Collaborative, which supports collaborative research that addresses coastal management problems important to the reserves. The Science Collaborative is funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and managed by the University of Michigan Water Center (NAI4NOS4190145). This research was also funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) through the Florida Marine Resources Trust Fund allocated during the 2018-2019 fiscal year. Living shoreline installations were conducted by GTM National Estuarine Research Reserve, FWC, North Peninsula State Park, and St.Johns River Water Management District staff and volunteers. Support from Todd Van Natta from the University of Florida, Ron Brockmeyer from the St. Johns River Water Management District, Dr. Joe Calantoni and his staff from the Naval Research Laboratory are acknowledged. We would like to thank the Associate Editor Dr. Agustin Sanchez-Arcilla and the two reviewers for the time and effort they spent for providing suggestions towards improving the manuscript.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.csr.2020.104268
dc.identifier.issn0278-4343
dc.identifier.issn1873-6955
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85092076000en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2020.104268
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11411/7315
dc.identifier.volume211en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000592501500004en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier Science Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofContinental Shelf Researchen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectWaveen_US
dc.subjectBoat Wakesen_US
dc.subjectPorous Breakwateren_US
dc.subjectDissipationen_US
dc.subjectLiving Shorelineen_US
dc.subjectErosionen_US
dc.subjectIntracoastal Waterwayen_US
dc.subjectIntertidal Reefsen_US
dc.subjectImpacten_US
dc.subjectPerformanceen_US
dc.subjectHabitaten_US
dc.subjectEnergyen_US
dc.subjectWakesen_US
dc.titleWave transmission through living shoreline breakwallsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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