William Faulkner's modernist and surrealist dialogues with the unconscious
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu tezin amacı, Freud'un bilinçdışı kuramının psikoloji tarihine nasıl ve hangi yollarla katkı sağlamasının yanı sıra, sanat ve edebiyat tarihinin en temel hareketlerinden birinin ortaya çıkışını nasıl etkilediğini incelemektir. Freud'un teorileri rasyonaliteye merkezi gücünü kaybettirerek, tüm insanlara içgüdülerinin ve bilinçaltında yer alan gizli arzularının kontrolünde olduğunu gösterdi. Bilinçdışının bastırılan tarafından şekillendiğini savunarak, ilk bastırmayı anne ile ilksel ayrılıkla gerekçelendirir. Araştırmalarında Freud'un bilinçdışı ve cinsellik gelişimi teorilerini temel alan Lacan, psikanaliz tarihine de dikkate değer teoriler katmıştır. Freud'dan bir adım öteye giderek, bilinçdışının bir dil gibi yapılandığını söyleyerek, dilin insanın kişisel gelişiminde kilit noktası olduğunu iddia eder. Kendi alanının ötesinde, Freud'un bilinçdışının edebiyat tarihi üzerinde büyük bir etkisi vardır. Modernizm, önceki yapılardan koparak devrimci bir hareket olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bilinçdışının ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte karakterlerin gizli yanlarına önem verilmiş ve insan ruhunun yapısına paralel olarak bilinç akışı, doğrusal olmayan zaman ve epizodik bölüm gibi yeni tür edebi teknikler geliştirmişlerdir. William Faulkner, Döşeğimde Ölürken ve Ses ve Öfke romanlarında bu teknikleri ustalıkla uygulamıştır. Ayrıca deneysel dilini, eserlerinin temelini bilinçdışıdan alan rüya diliyle, yani Sürrealizm ile kaynaştırır. Bu bağlamda, eserleri bu geleneğin sanatçılarıyla paralel bir şekilde, bilinçdışını eserlerinin temeli olarak alan sürrealist bir bakış açısına sahiptir. Bu tez, Faulkner'ın Döşeğimde Ölürken ve Ses ve Öfke romanlarında, karakterlerinin bastırılmış ve gizli kalmış arzularını sürrealist bir üslupla işleyerek, Faulkner'ın dilinin Freudyen ve Lacancı düşünceyi nasıl öne çıkardığına odaklanacaktır.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine in which ways the appearance of Freudian theory of the unconscious, contributes to the history of psychology as well as the emergence of one of the most fundamental movements in the history of art and literature. Freud's theories dethroned rationality in certain aspects, with the suggestion that all humans are in control of their instincts and hidden desires residing in the unconscious. Freud advocates that the unconscious is structured by the repressed material and he related the first repression to the primal separation with the mother. Taking Freud's unconscious and sexuality development theories as the basis of his investigations, Lacan also contributes to the history of psychoanalysis with his remarkable theories. Building on Freud, Lacan claims language is the key point for personal development, by calling unconscious structured like a language ("Repression" 2984). Going far beyond its own field, Freud's unconscious has had a high impact on the history of literature. Modernism occurred as a revolutionary movement while breaking away from previous structures. With the emergence of the unconscious, modernists give importance to the hidden part of the characters and develop new kinds of literary techniques parallel to the structure of the human psyche, such as stream of consciousness, non-linearity, and episodic structure. William Faulkner featly applies these techniques in his novels As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Fury. Moreover, he merges his experimental language with the language of dreams. In this respect, his works own a surrealist glance, parallel to the artists of this tradition, taking the unconscious as the basis of their artworks. Given this context, this thesis focuses on how Faulkner's language highlights Freudian and Lacanian thought in his novels, As I Lay Dying and The Sound and The Fury, by rendering his characters' repressed and hidden desires in a surrealist way.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine in which ways the appearance of Freudian theory of the unconscious, contributes to the history of psychology as well as the emergence of one of the most fundamental movements in the history of art and literature. Freud's theories dethroned rationality in certain aspects, with the suggestion that all humans are in control of their instincts and hidden desires residing in the unconscious. Freud advocates that the unconscious is structured by the repressed material and he related the first repression to the primal separation with the mother. Taking Freud's unconscious and sexuality development theories as the basis of his investigations, Lacan also contributes to the history of psychoanalysis with his remarkable theories. Building on Freud, Lacan claims language is the key point for personal development, by calling unconscious structured like a language ("Repression" 2984). Going far beyond its own field, Freud's unconscious has had a high impact on the history of literature. Modernism occurred as a revolutionary movement while breaking away from previous structures. With the emergence of the unconscious, modernists give importance to the hidden part of the characters and develop new kinds of literary techniques parallel to the structure of the human psyche, such as stream of consciousness, non-linearity, and episodic structure. William Faulkner featly applies these techniques in his novels As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Fury. Moreover, he merges his experimental language with the language of dreams. In this respect, his works own a surrealist glance, parallel to the artists of this tradition, taking the unconscious as the basis of their artworks. Given this context, this thesis focuses on how Faulkner's language highlights Freudian and Lacanian thought in his novels, As I Lay Dying and The Sound and The Fury, by rendering his characters' repressed and hidden desires in a surrealist way.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Kültürel İncelemeler Ana Bilim Dalı, Kültürel Çalışmalar Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Amerikan Kültürü ve Edebiyatı, American Culture and Literature
