Machine learning for a sustainable energy future

Energy production is one of the key enablers for human activities such as food and clean water production, transportation, telecommunication, education, and healthcare; however, it is also the main cause of global warming. Hence, sustainable energy is critical for most United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and it is directly targeted in SDG7. In this review, we analyze the potential role of machine learning (ML), another enabler technology, in sustainable energy and SGDs. We review the use of ML in energy production and storage as well as in energy forecasting and planning activities and provide our perspective on the challenges and opportunities for the future role of ML. Although there are strong challenges for both sustainable energy supply (like conflict between the urgent energy needs and global warming) and ML applications (like high energy consumption in ML applications and risk of increasing inequalities among people and nations), ML may make significant contributions to sustainable energy efforts and therefore to the achievement of SDGs through monitoring and remote sensing to collect data, planning the worldwide efforts and improving the performance of new and more sustainable energy technologies.