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    An Overview of Cultural Literacy in Turkey through Private Contemporary Art Instutions and Independent Arts and Cultural Spaces under the AKP Rule
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Yildiz, Esra
    Neoliberalism, which had an impact on various fields of Turkish society after the military coup on 12 September 1980, has come to dominate the arts and cultural scene more powerfully from 2002 onwards with the rule of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi, AKP). Museums of modern and contemporary art founded by private companies, as well as the Istanbul Biennial which had an increasing impact on the contemporary art scene after 1990, are important mediators of the contemporary cultural scene. The kind of art historical narratives they form through the exhibitions that are being organised should also be critically explored to understand how these institutions regulate and reformulate what counts as cultural literacy in direct or indirect ways. This article discusses the recent cultural and educational policies of Turkey's ruling right-wing conservative Justice and Development Party (AKP), the impact of the privatisation of culture and the arts, and how these transformations affect cultural literacy in Turkey. While the first part of the article summarises the transformation in the educational and cultural scene in the mentioned period, the second part discusses how private contemporary art institutions and independent arts and cultural organisations shape cultural literacy amid this political atmosphere and recent transitions.
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    Ernest Mancoba: I Shall Dance in a Different Society
    (Mit Press, 2021) Yildiz, Esra
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    From the Efforts of the Weak Horses to the International Arena: The Istanbul Biennial and Art Worlds
    (Ecole Des Hautes Etudes Commerciales De Montreal, 2023) Yildiz, Esra
    This article discusses the role of the Istanbul Biennial in the city's journey to becoming a center of power in Turkey's cultural and artistic scene and its impact on the representation of contemporary art and artists from Turkey in global art institutions applying content analysis as methodology and using primary sources such as Istanbul Biennials and exhibition catalogs, archival documents, statements of biennial curators and artists. The Istanbul Biennial gained recognition as an artistic event after the 1990s and has had a gradually growing influence on Turkey's contemporary art scene. As the growing number of biennials in different cities around the world every year shows, the biennial is beginning to surpass events in museums and similar art institutions in importance as an exhibition format. Biennials also regulate the contemporary cultural and artistic scene of the countries in which they are organized and tend to establish themselves as a hegemonic power. The Istanbul Biennial's impact illustrates how Istanbul has become a center of attraction both in Turkey's and the world's artistic and cultural scene. The article will investigate the place of the Istanbul Biennial in the global art world and its impact on biennial exhibitions as one of the most hegemonic exhibition formats.