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    Cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to ThreeLeishmaniaSpecies Among Syrian Refugees in Sanliurfa, Southeastern Turkey
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2020) Doni, Nebiye Yentur; Gurses, Gulcan; Dikme, Resat; Aksoy, Mustafa; Zeyrek, Fadile Yildiz; Simsek, Zeynep; Satoskar, Abhay R.
    Sanliurfa, a city in southeastern Turkey, is host to 477,166 Syrian refugees. The incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) may be on the rise in areas affected by a refugee crisis, like Sanliurfa; thus, consequently, local uncommon species ofLeishmaniamay be encountered in these regions. This might potentially make diagnosis and treatment more challenging over time. In this study, it was aimed to identify the causative agents of CL in clinical samples. A total of 154 patients (60 Syrian and 94 Turkish) who were diagnosed with CL via microscopical examination and PCR were enrolled this study. All of the samples were analyzed using internal transcribed spacer 1 genes, restriction fragment length polymorphism, DNA-sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. In this study,Leishmania tropicawas determined to be the predominant species in 140 of the patients (90.9%), followed byLeishmania majorin 12 patients (7.8%), andLeishmania infantumin 2 patients (1.3%). Of the 94 Turkish patients, 94.7% were infected withL. tropicaand 5.3% were infected withL. major, while none were infected withL. infantum.However, of the 60 Syrian patients, 85% were infected withL. tropica, 11.7% were infected withL. major, and 3.3% were infected withL. infantum. There was a significant association between theLeishmaniaspecies and the nations (Turkish-Syrian) (P < 0.001). The sequences were numbered from MH347941 to MH347953 and submitted to GenBank. This study confirmed thatL. tropica,L. major, andL. infantumcoexisted in Sanliurfa. This was the first time that the speciesL. infantumwas reported among recent immigrants from Syria in Sanliurfa. Therefore, it is necessary to discriminate theLeishmaniaspecies for diagnosis, treatment, and controlled studies in hyper-endemic regions.
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    Persistent Organic Chlorinated Compound Residues in the Breast Milk of Female Seasonal Agricultural Workers
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2018) Eroglu, Kafiye; Das, Yavuz Kursad; Golbasi, Zehra; Simsek, Zeynep; Koruk, Fatma; Atmaca, Enes
    Objective: This retrospective descriptive study aimed to investigate organochlorine compounds in women who breastfeed and work as a seasonal agricultural worker (SAW). Methods: It was carried out on 100 woman working as SAW. Data were collected with a questionnaire by face-to-face interview and analyzed the residues of 27 items of organochlorine pesticides, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolites and polychlorinated biphenyls, from persistent organic pollutants in mothers' 50mL breast milk. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and correlation analysis were used to evaluate data. Results: Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 28 component was determined in almost all women's milk and more than half of collected milk contained beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), PCB52, pp'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), PCB70, pp'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) ve Gamma HCH, respectively. Conclusion: It was recommended that necessary legal regulations and public information policy about that subject should exist.