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    Sustainable tourism at world heritage sites: Site management approach from four european cities
    (İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2021) Schockmel, Marie Anne; Robins, Altan Asu
    ABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis is to set out how site management plans are a tool for sustainable tourism at UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Since heritage and tourism industries have inherent contrasts, seeking a sustainable balance between cultural heritage conservation and tourism development at World Heritage Sites in order to both preserve their Outstanding Universal Value and enhance tourism is crucial. By means of an all-encompassing site management plan, conservation and tourism can be done sustainably and all concerned stakeholders can be involved in the management process. This thesis covers the topic of sustainable tourism and site management plans by way of a literature review and a document analysis. For its case studies, the thesis analyzes how the issue of tourism is covered in the site management plans of four UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe: Florence, Venice, Bath and Edinburgh. Besides identifying if the topics of sustainable cultural heritage tourism and stakeholder participation play a role in these site management plans, the thesis depicts the actions focusing on tourism that those site management plans include. Throughout the study, it became clear that the four case studies illustrate two different paradigms of management planning and stakeholder participation in Italy and in the UK. The study is concerned with the question, whether these two different paradigms have different outcomes in terms of achieving sustainable tourism.