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    DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A HAND-ANATOMY-BASED 3D-PRINTED ERGONOMIC PEN GRIP
    (2025) Sağlam, Özge Coşkun; Kesmezacar, Fahrettin Fatih; Tunçman, Duygu; Kurtkapan, Hamza; Yaman, Muhittin Onur
    This pilot study presents the design and evaluation of a personalized 3D-printed ergonomic pen grip aimed at reducing hand fatigue and improving grip efficiency during writing tasks. A custom pen grip was developed by creating a three-point grasp mould from the dominant hand of a healthy adult, which was digitized via 3D scanning, refined using CAD software, and printed using PLA filament with fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. The participant completed writing tasks under three different conditions: at rest, after writing with the ergonomic grip, and after writing without it. Grip and pinch strengths were assessed using a hydraulic hand dynamometer and pinch meter. Findings revealed that the decrease in grip strength was smaller after writing with the ergonomic grip compared to the no-device condition. The participant reported less finger fatigue and greater comfort, although writing time was slightly longer when using the device. These results underscore the potential utility of personalized 3D-printed assistive devices in occupational rehabilitation, particularly for individuals experiencing hand fatigue or diminished grip capacity.
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    Evaluation of hippocampal volumes with MRI in Alzheimer’s disease
    (Springer, 2025) Karip, Burak; Sağlam, Özge Coşkun; Baydili, Kürşad Nuri; Baykara, Murat
    Purpose: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a significant concern due to the growing elderly population. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, especially with practical methods such as radiologic imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most preferred form of radiologic imaging because it can highlight changes in the soft tissues of the brain where AD symptoms are present. This study uses open-access software to compare hippocampal volumes and subsections in MRI scans among different subgroups of AD patients. Materials and methods: MRI images were sourced from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The analysis included equally sequenced, T1-weighted images from patients aged 55–85 (181 females and 142 males). The images were processed using volBrain, and data analysis was conducted with SPSS 25. Results: Comparison of hippocampal structures by gender did not reveal significant differences in many parameters compared with previous studies. An important finding is that volumetric data are more critical for early subgroups of AD (THV:4,5(2,48 ? 6,3), THV-ICV:0,32 (0,19 ? 0,43)) than those observed in advanced stages (THV:4,02 (1,96 ? 6,5), THV-ICV:0,29 (0,13 ? 0,41)). Previous studies have typically measured hippocampal volume in cubic centimeters, whereas our ratio-based method provided more balanced results. Conclusion: This study underscores the value of volumetric analyses performed on open-access images and software, emphasizing the need for more sophisticated radiological studies to facilitate early AD diagnosis. Additionally, the accessibility of advanced technology in clinical practice should be prioritized to enhance diagnostic capabilities. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
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    Müller's Muscles: Three Different Smooth Muscles of the Eye and Orbit
    (2025) Kibar, Cansu; Yenigül, Hatice; Sağlam, Özge Coşkun
    Purpose: The eponym “Müller’s muscle” has been used in various textbooks and academic articles to refer collectively to three different smooth muscles: orbital muscle, superior tarsal muscle and the circular fibers of the ciliary muscle. The aim of this review is to highlight the terminological confusion created in the literature by the use of the Müller’s muscle eponym as a common name for three different muscles associated with the eye and orbit. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted in academic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science to clarify clarify the appropriate usage of the term “Müller’s muscle”. Additionally, the descriptions of these muscles in leading medical school sources, atlases, and textbooks were examined. The detailed topographical locations, anatomical and morphological characteristics, histological structures, innervation and vascularisation, and clinical syndromes of the muscles were presented in a comparative manner. Conclusion: We believe that our study will contribute to preventing naming confusion regarding these muscles, collectively referred to as ‘Müller's muscle,’ in future anatomy atlases, clinical guidebooks, and scientific studies.