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    Bifunctional sharkskin mimicked chitosan/graphene oxide membranes: Reduced biofilm formation and improved cytocompatibility
    (Elsevier, 2021) Rostami, Sabra; Puza, Fatih; Ucak, Meltem; Ozgur, Erdogan; Gul, Ozgur; Ercan, Utku Kursat; Garipcan, Bora
    Antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility are the two essential characteristics that an ideal implantable biomaterial must possess simultaneously. Biomaterials with these characteristics can be fabricated via combination of chemical and topographical features. Herein, design and fabrication of a sharkskin mimicked Graphene Oxide modified Chitosan membrane with enhanced antibacterial and cytocompatibility properties was investigated. As a measure of antibacterial properties, viability of planktonic and bacterial biofilm was measured using gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coil. Results showed a significant reduction in bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth induced by sharkskin surface topography regardless of chemical modifications for both strains, hence proving the superior antibacterial activity of sharkskin topography. Furthermore, the highest level of cell viability and proliferation of cultured human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and mouse fibroblast (L929) cell lines belonged to Graphene Oxide (GO) coated sharkskin mimicked membranes. Our results indicate that GO coated (GOc) sharkskin mimicked membranes can significantly reduce bacterial biofilm formation in stationary culture conditions while promoting cytocompatibility. The duo of sharkskin surface topography and GO coating provides remarkable potentials as a cytocompatible and antibacterial biomaterial for diverse biomedical applications.
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    Decellularization and characterization of leek: a potential cellulose-based biomaterial
    (Springer, 2020) Toker, Melis; Rostami, Sabra; Kesici, Muge; Gul, Ozgur; Kocaturk, Ozgur; Odabas, Sedat; Garipcan, Bora
    Cellulose, which is easily attainable in nature, has been studied due to its biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, adjustable biomechanical properties and cost effectiveness as a biomaterial. Recently, plant-derived cellulose-based biomaterials were given attention for numerous applications including bone, cartilage and cardiac tissue engineering. In this study, leek (Allium porrum) was chosen as a plant tissue model for the fabrication of a potential biomaterial due to its structural morphology (interconnected and elongated channel like structural morphology). Leek tissues were decellularized by a detergent solution. The degree of residual cell content was evaluated by DNA and protein quantification as well as immunostaining. Chemical and mechanical properties were tested for both native and decellularized leek samples in order to investigate the effect of decellularization on the structure. Swelling, degradation and protein adsorption behavior of decellularized leek samples were also studied. In order to enhance cell adhesion, decellularized leek samples were modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrichlorosilane and coated with graphene oxide prior to cell seeding. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were used for mammalian cell culture studies. MTT cell viability assay and SEM imaging were performed to observe the cell adhesion and morphology. Decellularized leek tissues are expected to be cellulose based biomaterial for candidate biomedical applications both in vitro and in vivo in future studies. Graphic abstract