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    A Lived-in Shape Grammar: Parsing the Dwelling Activities in a Modernist Residential Building in Algiers
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Rezoug, Amina; Ozkar, Mine
    Residents of a building transform it over time and play crucial roles in making its life cycles sustainable. Introducing formal methods to study the impact of residents' modifications in existing structures, we analyze Climat de France, a modern housing project in Algeria. Observing the distinction of designed and in-use contexts, we consider the building as it was once intended and as it is now lived in. We parse the south-west facade and define a shape grammar that consists of rules that represent and categorize the changes dwellers made on the original facade over time. We discuss residents' modifications as tools of autonomy and outcomes of territorial struggles. Findings are both expected and unexpected, such as the issues of climate control and the patterns of knowledge exchange, respectively. The study interweaves some of the social and physical dynamics that trigger and shape the residents' modifications, pointing out that shape grammars may be utilized to analyze the informal adaptations of a space by its users.
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    Formal Descriptions of Material Manipulations An Exploration with Cuts and Shadows
    (Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2015) Gursoy, Benay; Jowers, Iestyn; Ozkar, Mine
    Shape computation in design is never purely limited to visual aspects and ideally includes material aspects as well. The physicality of designing introduces a wide range of variables for designers to tackle within the design process. We present a simple design exercise realised in four stages where we physically manipulate perforated cardboard sheets as a case to make material variables explicit in the computation. The emphasis is on representing sensory aspects rather than easily quantifiable properties more suitable for simulations. Our explorations demonstrate the use of visual rules to represent actions, variables and form as well as how to control the variables to create new results, both desired and surprising, in materially informed ways.
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    Material Computability of Indeterminate Plaster Behavior
    (Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2015) Aydin, Asli; Ozkar, Mine
    In this study, we revisit the concepts of abstraction and materialization with regards to the theoretical framework of new materialism. Underlining the changing relationship between design through abstraction (DtA) and design through materialization (DtM) in design history, we propose an integration of the two towards achieving design emergence. Additional to a theoretical framework, we provide a showcase through material experiments of plaster and abstractions in the form of shape computation. We discuss results as parameters for future digital implementations and potentials for design practice and education.
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    Visualizing making: Shapes, materials, and actions
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Gursoy, Benay; Ozkar, Mine
    The increasing interest in materiality currently challenges the long existing traditions that consider visual thinking as the primary actor in design creativity. Shape grammars offer a formalism to represent visual reasoning in design, which is never purely limited to the visual aspects of design processes. Aiming to develop ways to explicitly include material manipulation in a computational formalism, we report on an ongoing exploration of how shape computation extends beyond abstract visual shapes to incorporate material shapes that have a physical existence. We present a materially informed process with shape rules and show that we can apply these rules creatively to explore the physical character of the material. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.