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Öğe Bodies, Football Jerseys, and Multiple Male Aesthetics through Football in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Nuhrat, YagmurFootball (soccer) jerseys for professional male players are increasingly designed with a tighter, snugger fit. Such design infers a fit male body and a lifestyle, which accompanies, and cultivates such a body. Replica kits, which are manufactured for consumption by fans, often emulate this tight fit but are purchased and worn by bodies that differ substantially from the increasingly valorized fit athlete's body. This paper discusses the multiple male aesthetics that are produced in the process and through the practice of differing bodies wearing the same garment. I specifically juxtapose the body and the sociality of the disciplined, professional, and fit male footballer to the body of male fans with bellies. I argue that the reverence of a specific fit male body which results in tightening jerseys and which tighter jerseys celebrate, produces the unintended consequence of highlighting less-than-fit bodies and body parts as well as the social practices that yield such bodies through fans' dressing practices. With an ethnographic focus on Turkey, I demonstrate how the idealization of a specific male body is subverted, albeit unintentionally, by the very forces that create it in the first place.Öğe Challenging ocularcentric fairness assumptions of the video assistant referee (VAR) system in football(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Nuhrat, YagmurFootball's video assistant referee (VAR) system is based on the assumption that reviewing plays on a screen refines precision and accuracy, resulting in fairer calls. The system thus reinforces ocularcentrism, the Western, modernist, rationalist thinking that privileges sight over other senses. Based on Turkey, I investigate the stakes involved in reinforcing and the conceptual opportunities opened in challenging these assumptions. The VAR system's ocularcentrism, as foreshadowed by televisation, creates an ocular mode separate from that of the field by muting it and visually dissecting its plays. This leads to false transparency along with novel relations and socialities between referees, VARs and players. As such, rather than carrying referees to objectively based or clean moments of fairness, the VAR process in fact identifies the complex socialness of fairness itself.Öğe Contesting love through commodification: Soccer fans, affect, and social class in Turkey(Wiley, 2018) Nuhrat, YagmurSoccer in Turkey has in recent decades become increasingly commodified. This process has been reinforced by a national law passed in 2011 that promises to prevent violence in the stands and civilize fandom. For upper-middle-class fans, the new cleaned-up version of soccer secures class distinction, but among less affluent and working-class fans, it has inspired resistance. Class conflict is here indexed through contestations over what it means to be a true fan and especially the quality of one's love for the team. Working-class fans often describe their love as maddening or self-sacrificing, while more affluent fans, sponsors, and administrators associate love with consumption. In the context of increasing political repression, fan resistance to commodification is discursively entangled with love and violence.Öğe Fair to Swear?: Gendered Formulations of Fairness in Football in Turkey(Duke Univ Press, 2017) Nuhrat, Yagmur[Abstract Not Available]Öğe 'Girls on the field' in Turkey: negotiating gender anxieties and norms through football(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Nuhrat, YagmurKizlar Sahada (Girls on the Field) is a private women's football tournament and league in Turkey. Its founding principle is to 'empower women' by challenging gender norms. Participating in Kizlar Sahada induces gender anxiety as women navigate a predominantly male space. This leads them to negotiate gender norms, both reproducing and challenging them, mainly through three themes: strength/power, skill/authority and ambition/aggression. Women's participation in football does not automatically allow them to critique gender norms but it can reveal discursive and practical spaces for possible, albeit incoherent, negotiations. This article is based on qualitative research conducted between 2016 and 2017 including in-depth interviews with founders, players, coaches and a referee and participant observation through playing for one of the competing teams.Öğe Home versus away: legitimizing and challenging home claims and social exclusion through football in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Nuhrat, YagmurClaiming spaces as homes indexes hierarchies. I focus on the home/away (deplasman) binary in football (soccer) where through the case of Turkey, I show how affective football fandom layers the normative charge of home versus deplasman. Home attachments and away antagonisms are formed and solidified as fans connect emotionally to stadiums and to neighbourhoods. This carries over to the national scale when (footballing) home is conceptualized as homeland. The emotionality and power-laden implications of the home/away binary leads to (the acceptance of) social exclusion but this acceptance is challenged through the very spaces of football. I refer to migrant experiences in Istanbul and to the cases of stereotypically nationalist Trabzonspor and Kurdish Amedspor to offer a novel way to conceptualize exclusion vis-a-vis the emotionality of home/away. This article is based on over a decade of ethnographic research on football in Turkey including men's professional football, women's football, and migrant footballers.Öğe Linguistic taboo, ideology, and erasure: Reproducing homophobia as norm and lesbianism as stigma in women's football in Turkey(Wiley, 2022) Nuhrat, YagmurWomen's football (soccer) in Turkey is an introverted community of practice with linguistic practices and ideologies that maintain homophobia as norm. The word lesbian is taboo and substituted with shorthaired, and lesbian identity is erased as wannabe manliness. Homosexuality appears acceptable (through erasure) only when women self-present as normatively feminine, and such propriety is class related. The linguistic taboo is fractured if interlocutor footing shifts vis-a-vis researcher expectations. However, the very moments when linguistic taboo is fractured reveal homophobia as the reigning norm. Given the larger political context in Turkey where queer identity and existence are threatened, the workings of linguistic ideology, linguistic taboo, and homophobia in women's football raise the stakes for queer footballers regarding how they may claim sexual identities. This article is based on four months of fieldwork in 2019 and 2020, mostly in Istanbul, with current and former footballers, coaches, media representatives, and club and federation administrators.Öğe Moralities in mobility: negotiating moral subjectivities in Istanbul's traffic(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Nuhrat, YagmurTraffic congestion profoundly marks Istanbul's everyday, in part, by casting drivers as competitors for time and space. Navigating traffic entails many driver maneuvers that are seemingly 'unfair' or 'wrong' such as line cutting, driving in the emergency lane, parking in prohibited areas, running lights, etc. As such, drivers carefully detail contingencies and circumstances within which some of their ostensibly problematic actions can be deemed acceptable. Within these narratives are also buried processes of emerging as moral subjects albeit filled with ambiguities and contradictions. This paper brings together mobility studies, the anthropology of traffic and the anthropology of ethics/morality to provide ethnographic detail into the everyday of experiencing automobility in Istanbul as a morally complex and formative arena. It is based on a year's fieldwork with 45 drivers of diverse vehicles recounting their struggles as they try to maintain a sense of 'conscience' while they reach their destination, sometimes at the expense of others.Öğe Policed bodies and subjectivities Football fans at the Gezi Uprising in Turkey(Routledge, 2018) Nuhrat, Yagmur[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The Violence Law and the Governmentalization of Football in Turkey(Routledge, 2016) Nuhrat, Yagmur[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Ultras in Turkey: othering, agency, and culture as a political domain(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Nuhrat, YagmurFootball administrators and non-fans or non-ultra fans in Turkey tend to posit ultras as either the 'fire of the show' or write them off as instruments of violence guided by irrationality. These two stances are the two sides of the same coin which points to a fascination/fear discourse that serves to produce ultras as the perfect other. The financially powerful actors of football tolerate and accommodate ultras so long as they don't challenge dominating commercial or political interests. This relegates ultras to the supposedly innocuous realm of culture divorced from politics, especially in the aftermath of the Gezi Uprising of 2013. However, through organizations like the Fans' Rights Association and in their everyday practices of fandom, ultras reject subjectivities assigned to them by the fascination/fear discourse, they agentively engage with their own spectacularization and othering as well as the legal or administrative efforts to contain and confine them.Öğe Welcome to Hell: in search of the real Turkish football(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Nuhrat, Yagmur[Abstract Not Available]
