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Öğe Are hedonic hunger and health-related quality of life associated with obesity in adolescents?(Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Koc, Bilge Meral; Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Yuksel, Ezgi Arslan; Karahan, Tugce OzluThe purpose of the study is to find out the relationship between obesity, hedonic hunger and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The questionnaire containing items on the sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and nutritional habits of individuals (n = 902), the Children's Power of Food Scale and the KIDSCREEN-10 were used to determine the hedonic hunger and the HRQoL score. Hedonic hunger and HRQoL were evaluated according to the categories, frequency of consumption of sugary drinks and fast food. The females were found to have hedonic hunger more than the males (p < 0.05). Body mass index z-score categories of the adolescents showed that the obese eat more hedonically compared to the underweight and the normal-weight (p < 0.05), and this difference was not observed in the HRQoL scores (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the hedonic hunger status and the HRQoL scores (R = -0.342, p = 0.000). The consumption of sugary drinks and fast food was associated with hedonic hunger and HRQoL scores in certain groups. Hedonic hunger is associated with obesity; hedonic hunger and quality of life are important factors associated with unhealthy food and drink intake.Öğe Artificial Intelligence-Based Diets: A Role in the Nutritional Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease?(Wiley, 2025) Karahan, Tugce Ozlu; Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Yilmaz, YusufBackground: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing global health concern. Effective management of this condition relies heavily on lifestyle modifications and dietary interventions. In this study, we sought to evaluate the dietary plans for MASLD generated by ChatGPT (GPT-4o) according to current guideline recommendations. Methods: ChatGPT was used to create single-day meal plans for 48 simulated patients with MASLD, tailored to individual characteristics such as age, gender, height, weight and transient elastography parameters. The plans were assessed for appropriateness according to disease-specific guidelines. Results: The mean energy content of the menus planned by ChatGPT was 1596.9 +/- 141.5 kcal with a mean accuracy of 91.3 +/- 11.0%, and fibre content was 22.0 +/- 0.6 g with a mean accuracy of 88.1 +/- 2.5%. However, they exhibited elevated levels of protein, fat and saturated fat acids. Conversely, the carbohydrate content was lower. ChatGPT recommended weight loss for obese patients but did not extend this advice to normal-weight and overweight individuals. Notably, recommendations for a Mediterranean diet and physical activity were absent. Conclusions: ChatGPT shows potential in developing dietary plans for MASLD management. However, discrepancies in macronutrient distributions and the omission of key evidence-based recommendations highlight the need for further refinement. To enhance the effectiveness of AI tools in dietary recommendations, alignment with established guidelines must be improved.Öğe Artificial Intelligence-Generated Diet Plans for Hypertension and Dyslipidemia: Adherence and Nutritional Insights(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2025) Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Karahan, Tugce OzluBackground: We evaluated diet plans generated by ChatGPT for hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Methods: In October 2024, ChatGPT was used to generate meal plans for 24 simulated patients with different cardiovascular health problems. Data were used from men (n=12) and women (n=12), aged 56 yr, with mean heights of 176 cm and 161 cm respectively. Weight categories were based on BMI: normal, overweight, and obese, using weights of 56, 71, and 84 kg for women and 67, 85, and 101 kg for men. Four health conditions were assessed: hypertension stages 1 and 2 (systolic BP 130-139 mm Hg and >= 140 mm Hg; diastolic BP 80-89 mm Hg and >= 90 mm Hg), and elevated LDL levels (>= 130 mg/dL and >= 160 mg/dL). Menus were evaluated for adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets, including recommendations. Results: Adherence to the Mediterranean and DASH diets was low across all groups, with median scores below 9 and 4.5, respectively. Common recommendations included weight loss, physical activity, reduced salt intake, stress management, and omega-3s for both hypertension and LDL reduction. Plant sterols/stanols were suggested only for LDL. No advice was given on smoking or alcohol use. Nutrient content did not differ significantly between hypertension and LDL menus (P>0.05). Conclusion: This pioneering study found that AI-generated dietary models had low adherence to DASH and Mediterranean diets, though most recommendations were generally appropriate. Since the prompts only requested basic nutrition plans, future research should use more specific, personalized prompts to better assess AI's role in managing chronic diseases.Öğe Artificial intelligence-generated diet plans for hypertension and dyslipidemia: Adherence and nutritional insights(06/2025) Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Özlü Karahan, TuğçeN/AÖğe Assessment of sustainable nutrition practices among individuals attending the gym(2024) Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Aydın, Öykü; Balkan, Cansu; İşcan, Ecem; Erol, Ezgi; Türkmen, Tuba BeyzaSustainable diets refer to diets with low environmental impacts and positive impacts on food security and health. Considering resource depletion and environmental pollution, it is thought that foods with low environmental impact should be chosen instead of foods with high environmental impact. However, given the high protein consumption of individuals who go to the gym, it is thought that they pose a risk for a sustainable future. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the behaviors of gym-going individuals towards sustainable nutrition. A total of 203 individuals with a mean age of 28.57±9.97 years were included in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire containing demographic information was prepared by the researchers. In addition, the Sustainable Nutrition Behavior Scale was administered to the participants. An overwhelming majority of the participants, specifically 97.5%, reported consuming meat, chicken, or fish at least once or twice a week. The mean total score of the sustainable dietary behavior scale was 97.65±21.59. There was no significant difference between the body mass index values of the participants and the total score of the sustainable nutrition behavior scale (p>0.05). The total score of the behavior scale for sustainable nutrition was lower in participants with active sports duration of less than 5 years, single marital status, and male participants (p<0.05). Studies on sustainable nutrition are mostly focused on the general population. However, it is important to reveal the sustainable nutrition knowledge levels of individuals practicing sports.Öğe Assessment of sustainable nutrition practices among individuals attending the gym(İbrahim İlker ÖZYİĞİT, 2024) Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Aydın, Öykü; Balkan, Cansu; İşcan, Ecem; Erol, Ezgi; Türkmen, Tuba BeyzaSustainable diets refer to diets with low environmental impacts and positive impacts on food security and health. Considering resource depletion and environmental pollution, it is thought that foods with low environmental impact should be chosen instead of foods with high environmental impact. However, given the high protein consumption of individuals who go to the gym, it is thought that they pose a risk for a sustainable future. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the behaviors of gym-going individuals towards sustainable nutrition. A total of 203 individuals with a mean age of 28.57±9.97 years were included in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire containing demographic information was prepared by the researchers. In addition, the Sustainable Nutrition Behavior Scale was administered to the participants. An overwhelming majority of the participants, specifically 97.5%, reported consuming meat, chicken, or fish at least once or twice a week. The mean total score of the sustainable dietary behavior scale was 97.65±21.59. There was no significant difference between the body mass index values of the participants and the total score of the sustainable nutrition behavior scale (p>0.05). The total score of the behavior scale for sustainable nutrition was lower in participants with active sports duration of less than 5 years, single marital status, and male participants (pÖğe Behaviors towards sustainable nutrition in the grip of social media addiction and hedonic hunger: A cross-sectional study(2025) Gürbüz, Murat; İnan, Cansu Memiç; Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Bayram, Hatice MerveThe increasing prevalence of social media addiction has prompted concerns regarding its potential impact on hedonic eating tendencies and sustainability-related practices. This study aimed to investigate the bidirectional relationship between social media addiction, hedonic hunger, and behaviors towards sustainable nutrition among adults in Türkiye. This cross-sectional study conducted 700 (73.3% of female, mean age 29.99±10.31 years) adults between 8 October-20 November 2024 in Türkiye. An online questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Power of Food Scale (PFS), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), and Behaviors Scale towards Sustainable Nutrition (BSSN) was performed. The findings revealed a significant sex difference in BSMAS scores, with women exhibiting higher scores than men. Furthermore, a weak correlation was found between social media addiction and elevated hedonic hunger. Notably, despite the absence of a correlation between social media addiction and behaviors towards sustainable nutrition, this study observed a weak positive correlation between hedonic hunger and behaviors towards sustainable nutrition. The key predictors of behaviors towards sustainable nutrition were female sex, sustainability awareness, university education, increased hedonic hunger score, and older age, collectively accounting for 18.3% of the variance. This study highlights the complex interrelationships among social media addiction, hedonic hunger, and behaviors towards sustainable nutrition. The extensive use of social media can contribute to hedonic hunger and impulsive food choice. However, the cyclical relationship between social media addiction and hedonic hunger may have the potential to promote normative ideas about behaviors towards sustainable nutrition.Öğe Body Appreciation is Associated with Emotional Eating in Turkish Female Athletes(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2024) Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Karahan, Tugce OzluIt is known that female athletes are at risk for eating disorders. It is thought that factors such as pressure and stress experienced by professional athletes may affect emotional eating and body appreciation. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the emotional eating and body appreciation of professional Turkish female athletes. A total of 265 professional female athletes were categorized according to their sport types and nationality. Emotional eating was found to be higher and body appreciation to be lower in athletes competing at the national level. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis, which included variables such as age, body mass index, professional sports background, national level, and sport type show that the most effective factor in explaining emotional eating in professional female athletes is body appreciation. The present study findings support that professional female athletes are at risk in terms of emotional eating and body appreciation. In addition, emotional eating scores were found to be higher and body appreciation scores were lower in national athletes. Psychological factors such as intense stress and pressure have an impact on the eating behavior and body appreciation of national athletes. These results suggest that athletes should be evaluated by nutritionists, doctors, and psychologists from a multidisciplinary perspective.Öğe ChatGPT-4o for Weight Management: Comparison of Different Diet Models(Wiley, 2025) Karahan, Tugce Ozlu; Kenger, Emre BatuhanIn recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT have emerged as accessible and scalable platforms for generating dietary advice. While ChatGPT has demonstrated potential in providing general nutritional guidance, its capacity to create diet plans tailored to different weight categories and physical activity levels remains underexplored, particularly in comparison across popular dietary (ketogenic and intermittent fasting) models. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional adequacy and variability of diet plans generated by ChatGPT-4o for weight management. ChatGPT-4o generated diet plans for 18 individuals (9 males, 9 females) representing overweight, class I, and class II obesity at varying physical activity levels. Fifty-four menus were created across three dietary models and analyzed for energy, macro-, and micronutrient content using the BeBiS nutritional analysis software. Diet variability was also assessed through repeated prompts over three different periods. The ketogenic diets produced by AI had significantly higher energy and saturated fat contents than other models (p < 0.05). Regardless of prompt, AI often produced low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets. The menus created by ChatGPT had significantly higher fat, saturated fat, and protein content but lower carbohydrate content compared to the dietitian menus (p < 0.05). Micronutrient analysis showed frequent inadequacy in calcium, potassium, and vitamin B1. Notably, menu content showed temporal inconsistencies, particularly in intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets. While ChatGPT-4o shows promise in generating basic dietary models, concerns remain about its nutritional precision, consistency, and safety. The results revealed the necessity of professional supervision in AI-assisted nutrition planning.Öğe ChatGPT-4o for weight management: Comparison of different diet models(16/07/2025) Özlü Karahan, Tuğçe; Kenger, Emre BatuhanIn recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT have emerged as accessible and scalable platforms for generating dietary advice. While ChatGPT has demonstrated potential in providing general nutritional guidance, its capacity to create diet plans tailored to different weight categories and physical activity levels remains underexplored, particularly in comparison across popular dietary (ketogenic and intermittent fasting) models. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional adequacy and variability of diet plans generated by ChatGPT-4o for weight management. ChatGPT-4o generated diet plans for 18 individuals (9 males, 9 females) representing overweight, class I, and class II obesity at varying physical activity levels. Fifty-four menus were created across three dietary models and analyzed for energy, macro-, and micronutrient content using the BeBiS nutritional analysis software. Diet variability was also assessed through repeated prompts over three different periods. The ketogenic diets produced by AI had significantly higher energy and saturated fat contents than other models (p < 0.05). Regardless of prompt, AI often produced low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets. The menus created by ChatGPT had significantly higher fat, saturated fat, and protein content but lower carbohydrate content compared to the dietitian menus (p < 0.05). Micronutrient analysis showed frequent inadequacy in calcium, potassium, and vitamin B1. Notably, menu content showed temporal inconsistencies, particularly in intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets. While ChatGPT-4o shows promise in generating basic dietary models, concerns remain about its nutritional precision, consistency, and safety. The results revealed the necessity of professional supervision in AI-assisted nutrition planning.Öğe Classic vs. High-Fat Intermittent Fasting: Impacts on Body Composition, Eating Behaviour, and Diet Satisfaction(Wiley, 2025) Izgi, Beyza; Kenger, Emre BatuhanThis study aimed to examine the effects of two different intermittent fasting protocols, distinguished by macronutrient distribution (classical intermittent fasting versus high-fat, low-carbohydrate intermittent fasting), on body composition, eating behaviour, and diet satisfaction. The study was conducted at a single centre and included 44 adult women who consulted a dietitian. Participants were randomly assigned, in a single blind manner, to one of two groups. The diet interventions were applied for six weeks; all participants completed this period. Body composition, eating behaviour, and diet satisfaction were evaluated. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0. The dietary interventions resulted in significant improvements in body composition in both groups (p < 0.05); however, no significant differences were observed between the groups compared to baseline (p > 0.05). Participants' eating behaviour improved across all subscales in both groups (p < 0.05). Importantly, the classical diet group showed significantly greater improvements compared to baseline in cognitive restraint (adjusted post-intervention mean: 19.66 vs. 17.38; p = 0.006) and emotional eating (adjusted post-intervention mean: 9.66 vs. 12.97; p < 0.001) compared to the high-fat group. Satisfaction with the diet did not differ significantly between groups (classical: 41.0; high-fat: 34.0) (p = 0.063). This study demonstrated that classical and high-fat intermittent fasting models led to improvements in body composition and eating behaviour compared to baseline measurements. Further research with longer durations and diverse populations, including men, is needed to fully understand the impact of macronutrient distribution within intermittent fasting.Öğe Determination of the Relationship Between Three-Factor Eating Scale and Chronotypes in Healthcare Workers(Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi, 2024) Köleoğlu, Mısra Beste; Kenger, Emre BatuhanAim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and chronotypes of healthcare workers. Material and Method: This study was conducted between April and May 2023 on 261 healthcare workers. An online questionnaire form consisting of a general information section, Three-Factor Nutrition Questionnaire and Morning and Evening Questionnaire questions was applied to the participants via Google Forms. Results: The age and body mass index of the morning people was found to be significantly higher (pÖğe Determining The Relationship Between Diet Inflammatory Index Score, Depression and Chronotype In Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: An Example of a Training and Research Hospital(2024) Ahıskalıoğlu, Kübra; Kenger, Emre BatuhanAim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the depression, chronotype and Dietary Inflammatory Index score in individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods: This study included 100 individuals with metabolic syndrome. The Depression-Anxiety Stress Scale was utilized to assess the depression, stress, and anxiety levels of the participants. Chronotypes were determined using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was calculated based on a three-day food consumption record. Results: Of the participants, 53% were women and 47% were men. The depression (10.64±3.91), anxiety (10.38±3.51), and stress (13.12±3.89) scores were significantly higher in the \"evening type\" group. Female participants had significantly higher depression scores (9.68±4.39) compared to male participants (8.00±3.35) (p=0.033). Analysis of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores revealed that women had a more pro-inflammatory diet (3.23±5.69). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between depression scores and carbohydrate consumption (r=0.264, p=0.002), while a negative correlation was found with the percentage of protein intake (r=-0.336, p=0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed that the majority of individuals with metabolic syndrome exhibit an evening chronotype and are at increased risk for depression, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, it was found that these individuals tend to follow a pro-inflammatory diet. Therefore, it is recommended that the treatment of individuals with metabolic syndrome includes the assessment of their chronotypes, nutritional habits, and psychological states.Öğe Development of functional cold tea with the addition of lyophilized cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.): Sensory evaluation and consumer acceptance(İbrahim İlker ÖZYİĞİT, 2026) Bahçekapılı, Dolunay; Ulu, Efe Kaan; Karahan, Tuğçe Özlü; Kenger, Emre BatuhanThis study aimed to develop a consumer-friendly functional cold tea based on cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.), a fruit produced in Türkiye and recognized for its health-promoting properties, and to evaluate consumer acceptance through sensory analyses. The study was conducted in Istanbul, Türkiye, between January 2024 and April 2025 with 109 volunteers (61 women and 48 men) aged 19-85 years. While 35.8% of participants reported having heard of the concept of functional foods before, 64.2% were unfamiliar with it. Only 6.4% of participants reported a preference for consuming functional foods. However, 67.9% believed that functional foods could be beneficial for certain health issues. 78% of participants stated that their consumption preferences would change if a cold tea offering with health benefits were introduced. Nevertheless, 56.9% of participants were unaware of the potential health benefits of cornelian cherry. These results indicate that participants hold varied perceptions and levels of understanding regarding functional foods, and that local awareness of cornelian cherry remains limited. Among the three different recipes developed, Sample 202 was the most preferred by participants, with a rate of 49.5%. This sample had the highest purchase intention score, averaging 4.29±2.27. According to the sensory evaluation results, Sample 202 received statistically significantly higher scores of tastes, aroma, and overall liking (p<0.01). A significant positive correlation was found for both taste and overall liking, and for aroma and overall liking. Among the functional cold teas developed using lyophilized cornelian cherry, Sample 202 stood out with a flavonoid value of 174±8 µg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g and a total antioxidant capacity (TAC) value of 2903±37 µg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g. In this study, participants placed great importance on sensory criteria, such as taste and aroma, while the product's functional quality remained secondary. These findings suggest that taste and aroma may be the primary factors influencing consumer acceptance of functional beverage products.Öğe DÜZENLİ EGZERSİZ YAPAN BİREYLERDE KRONOTİPLER VE YEME ALIŞKANLIKLARI(Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, 2025) Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Cabadak, Zeynep Sude; Kayar, Betül; Çavuş, Efdal; Çetin, Nazlı Can; Yıldırım, ZelihaAmaç : Bu çalışmanın amacı düzenli egzersiz yapan bireylerde kronotipler ve yeme alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek, sosyodemografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıklarını ve yeme tutumlarını analiz etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 15-61 yaş arasında düzenli egzersiz yapan 250 birey dahil edilmiştir. Tanımlayıcı kesitsel türde tasarlanan çalışmada katılımcılara sosyodemografik özellikleri ve beslenme alışkanlıkları ile ilgili bir anket, Üç Faktörlü Yeme Anketi ve Sabahçılık-Akşamcılık anketi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular : Yaş ortalaması 27.17 ± 8.41 olan katılımcıların, %65.2'si kadın, ortalama Beden Kitle İndeksi (BKİ) değeri 23.62 ± 4.36'dır. Üç Faktörlü Yeme Ölçeğinin bilişsel kısıtlama, duygusal yeme ve kontrolsüz yeme puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 9.24±3.42, 12.17±5.33 ve 20.78±6.24 olarak bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların sabahçıl akşamcıl ölçek puanı 50.39±5.85'dir ve çoğu (%85.2) kronotip açısından ara tip olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Katılımcıların BKİ değerleri arttıkça bilişsel kısıtlama, duygusal yeme ve kontrolsüz yeme puanlarının arttığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca yaş arttıkça bilişsel kısıtlama puanları artmıştır. Sabahçıl tip olma eğilimindeki artışın, katılımcıların bilişsel kısıtlama tutumlarındaki azalmayla ancak kontrolsüz yeme tutumlarındaki artışla ilişkili olabileceği bulunmuştur. Öğün atlayanların kontrolsüz yeme puanı atlamayan katılımcılara göre daha yüksektir. Çay, bitki çayı ve kahve tüketirken şeker kullanma alışkanlığı ile duygusal yeme puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Yeme hızı ile kontrolsüz yeme puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu bulgular, özellikle olumsuz yeme tutumlarını önlemek ve iyileştirmek için müdahaleler geliştirilirken düzenli egzersiz yapan bireylerin sağlığında bireylerin kronotipi, yaşı, BKİ değeri ve beslenme alışkanlıkları gibi bireysel faktörleri dikkate almanın önemini vurgulamaktadırÖğe Evaluation of Mediterranean Diet Quality and Hedonistic Eating Status in Regularly Exercising Individuals(2024) Balı, Ayşenur; Kenger, Emre BatuhanPurpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the hedonistic eating behaviors and adherence to the Mediterranean diet of individuals who exercise regularly. Method: This study was conducted between June and September 2023. 200 individuals who exercised >150 minutes per week and continued this exercise for 3 months participated in the study. After the demographic questions in the first part of the survey, the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS) and the Nutrient Power Scale (PFS) were applied to the participants. Results: As a result of our study, all subgroups of the food power scale were found to be greater than the cut-off value of 2.5. When the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased, a statistically significant decrease was observed in terms of hedonistic eating sub-factors of food availability, food present and total score (pÖğe Evaluation of Mediterranean Diet Quality and Hedonistic Eating Status in Regularly Exercising Individuals(Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar Üniversitesi, 2024) Balı, Ayşenur; Kenger, Emre BatuhanPurpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the hedonistic eating behaviors and adherence to the Mediterranean diet of individuals who exercise regularly. Method: This study was conducted between June and September 2023. 200 individuals who exercised >150 minutes per week and continued this exercise for 3 months participated in the study. After the demographic questions in the first part of the survey, the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS) and the Nutrient Power Scale (PFS) were applied to the participants. Results: As a result of our study, all subgroups of the food power scale were found to be greater than the cut-off value of 2.5. When the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased, a statistically significant decrease was observed in terms of hedonistic eating sub-factors of food availability, food present and total score (pÖğe Guideline Compliance of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Diet Plans After Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Simulation Comparing ChatGPT-4o, DeepSeek and Grok-3(Mdpi, 2025) Yilmaz, Aylin Bolat; Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Karahan, Tugce Ozlu; Saglam, Duygu; Bas, MuratBackground/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools are increasingly being used in tailored nutrition management, and evaluating their compliance with guidelines is significant in clinically sensitive areas, including bariatric surgery. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which diet plans recommended by AI models in the early period following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) align with current clinical nutrition guidelines (ASMBS, AACE/TOS). Methods: A total of 360 menu plans were generated using three AI platforms-ChatGPT-4o, DeepSeek V3, and Grok-3-for 40 simulated patients (20 females, 20 males; BMI 32-45 kg/m2) across three postoperative stages: liquid (day 5), puree (day 16), and solid (day 35). The energy and nutrient contents of the menus were analyzed using BeBiS 8.1; an experienced dietitian assessed compliance with the guidelines using a structured checklist. Nutrient intakes and guideline compliance scores were examined using within-patient Friedman tests followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons. Results: ChatGPT-4o demonstrated the highest overall compliance scores, particularly in the liquid and pur & eacute;ed phases, while DeepSeek produced higher values for several micronutrients. All models showed substantial gaps in essential postoperative recommendations, most notably thiamine and multivitamin supplementation. Conclusions: Although LLMs can generate partially guideline-concordant postoperative diet plans, they consistently omit several critical elements of bariatric nutrition care. These findings indicate that LLM-generated menus may serve as supportive educational tools, and diet planning must be performed under the guidance of a specialist dietitian. This simulation does not assess clinical safety, efficacy, or patient outcomes and should not be used as a substitute for dietitian-led postoperative nutrition care.Öğe Impact of dietary inflammatory index on gingival health(Wiley, 2023) Reis, Roberta Andrade; Stolf, Camila Schmidt; Sampaio, Helena Alves de Carvalho; Silva, Bruna Yhang da Costa; Ozlu, Tugce; Kenger, Emre Batuhan; Miguel, Manuela Maria VianalBackgroundPeriodontal disease is a biofilm-dependent chronic inflammatory condition triggered by a host response. Several factors impact systemic inflammation and could lead to changes in disease pathogenesis. Recently, studies have assessed the influence of nutritional patterns on the development of periodontitis. In the present cross-sectional study, we evaluated the dietary inflammatory profile on periodontal conditions, focusing on clinical, subgingival microbial, and cytokine assessment of individuals with periodontal health or gingivitis.MethodsOne hundred patients with periodontal health or gingivitis were included. Plaque index (PI), Bleeding on probing (BoP), the probing depth (PD), and the clinical attachment level (CAL) for each patient were assessed. Nutritional data and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) were recorded by two 24-h food recalls on non-consecutive days. Biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to assess the microbiome profile and inflammatory biomarkers were collected. Multiple regressions focused on the DII, age, and sex as predictors of periodontal conditions were done.ResultsAge and moderate DII scores increased the risk of gingivitis by 1.64 and 3.94 times, respectively. Males with an elevated DII score had 27.15 times higher odds of being diagnosed with gingivitis and BoP (beta = 6.54; p = 0.03). Elderly patients with a moderate or high DII score were less prone to gingivitis and increased BoP (p < 0.04) compared with younger subjects. Considering the DII, there were no differences in microbial alpha and beta diversity; however, distinct species abundance and a higher concentration of monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin 33 were seen in patients with a higher DII.ConclusionA pro-inflammatory diet significantly contributes to periodontal inflammation, modulating inflammatory biomarkers and affecting the subgingival microbial community in healthy individuals.Öğe Metabolik Sendromlu Bireylerde Diyet İnflamatuar İndeks Skoru, Depresyon ve Kronotip Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi: Bir Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi Örneği(Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, 2024) Ahıskalıoğlu, Kübra; Kenger, Emre BatuhanAmaç: Bu çalışma, metabolik sendromlu bireylerde diyet inflamatuar indeks skoru, depresyon ve kronotip arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya 100 metabolik sendromlu birey dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların, depresyon, stres ve anksiyete durumlarını değerlendirmek için Depresyon-Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği ölçeği, kronotiplerini belirlemek için sabahçıl-akşamcıl anketi ve Dİİ'lerini belirlemek için üç günlük besin tüketim kaydı yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %53'ü kadın ve %47'si erkektir. Depresyon (10,64±3,91), anksiyete (10,38±3,51) ve stres skorları (13,12±3,89) "akşamcıl tip" grupta anlamlı şekilde yüksek çıkmıştır. Kadın katılımcıların depresyon skorları (9.68 ± 4.39) erkeklere (8.00 ± 3.35) göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p:0.033). Diyet inflamatuar indeks skorları incelendiğinde, kadınların daha pro-inflamatuar (3, 23 ± 5,69) bir beslenme tarzına sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, depresyon skoru ile karbonhidrat tüketimi arasında pozitif (r: 0.264; p: 0.002), protein yüzdesi ile ise negatif yönde (r:-0.336; p:0.001) korelasyon saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma, metabolik sendromlu bireylerin çoğunluğunun akşamcıl tipte olduğunu ve bu bireylerin depresyon, anksiyete ve stres açısından risk altında olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bireylerin pro-inflamatuar bir beslenme tarzına sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Metabolik sendromlu bireylerin tedavisinde kronotiplerinin belirlenmesi, beslenme alışkanlıklarının ve psikolojik durumlarının değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.
