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    Idea of "federation" in Russian politics and its present implications
    (İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2021) Karahan, Abdurrahman Ali; Özcan, Gencer
    ABSTRACT: The trigger of this thesis, which will be presented to the attention of the reader after herein, is the Russian intervention in Syria and the ‘decentralized territorial integrity’ model alleged to be put forward by her afterwards. This situation has created scientific doubt as to whether this model is an ad hoc practice or a commonly propounded proposition in Russian foreign policy. This study is designed to fully understand this and at this point, the federal structure of Russia, which is seen as the usual suspect, is considered as an independent variable. Thus, it was tried to be understood whether the source of the ‘decentralized’ or ‘federalized’ territorial integrity proposal allegedly put forward by Russia in Syria could be the federation model implemented in her own country. At this point, Russia’s unique federation has been examined in depth and it has been understood that Russia’s understanding of territorial integrity is interwoven with its own specific federative structure. In other words, it has been determined that the concepts of ‘asymmetric and matryoshka-like federation’ and ‘territorial integrity’ have almost the same meaning for Russia. Based on this, the question of “does the idea of federation in Russian politics has implications on the solution proposals put forward by Russia in international crises?” was determined as a main research question. Subsequently, it has been proceeded with the hypothesis that this model is a solution proposal frequently offered by Russia and that Russia’s experience of the federation has reflections in the solution proposals suggested by Moscow at the point of solving international crises. Ultimately, it was deemed appropriate to conduct a case study to test this hypothesis, and the Bosnian, Kosovo and Georgia crises, which were the most striking cases of the last quarter century, were considered as cases. The results, at least specific to these cases, does not falsify the hypothesis and indicated that there is a significant relationship between Russia’s federal structure and her solution proposals in the crises in international relations.