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Constraints on the Initial State of Pb-Pb Collisions via Measurements of Z-Boson Yields and Azimuthal Anisotropy at ?sNN=5.02 TeV
(Amer Physical Soc, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
The CMS experiment at the LHC has measured the differential cross sections of Z bosons decaying to pairs of leptons, as functions of transverse momentum and rapidity, in lead-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The measured Z boson elliptic azimuthal anisotropy coefficient is compatible with zero, showing that Z bosons do not experience significant final-state interactions in the medium produced in the collision. Yields of Z bosons are compared to Glauber model predictions and are found to deviate from these expectations in peripheral collisions, indicating the presence of initial collision geometry and centrality selection effects. The precision of the measurement allows, for the first time, for a data-driven determination of the nucleon-nucleon integrated luminosity as a function of lead-lead centrality, thereby eliminating the need for its estimation based on a Glauber model.
Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements
(Springer, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
This paper presents new sets of parameters (tunes) for the underlying-event model of the herwig 7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in herwig 7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at v s = 0.9, 7, and 13 TeV. The tunes are based on the NNPDF3.1 next-to-nextto-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-nextto-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and forminimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Zand Wboson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the data.
Evidence for Top Quark Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
(Amer Physical Soc, 2020) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions recreate in the laboratory the thermodynamical conditions prevailing in the early universe up to 10(-6) sec, thereby allowing the study of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter with deconfined partons. The top quark, the heaviest elementary particle known, is accessible in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC, and constitutes a novel probe of the QGP. Here, we report the first evidence for the production of top quarks in nucleus-nucleus collisions, using lead-lead collision data at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment. Two methods are used to measure the cross section for top quark pair production (sigma(t (t) over bar)) via the selection of charged leptons (electrons or muons) and bottom quarks. One method relies on the leptonic information alone, and the second one exploits, in addition, the presence of bottom quarks. The measured cross sections, sigma(t (t) over bar) = 2.54(-0.74)(+0.84) and 2.03(-0.64)(+0.71) mu b, respectively, are compatible with expectations from scaled proton-proton data and QCD predictions.
First measurement of large area jet transverse momentum spectra in heavy-ion collisions
(Springer, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
Jet production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02TeV is studied with the CMS detector at the LHC, using PbPb and pp data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 404 mu b(-1) and 27.4 pb(-1), respectively. Jets with different areas are reconstructed using the anti-k(T) algorithm by varying the distance parameter R. The measurements are performed using jets with transverse momenta (p(T)) greater than 200 GeV and in a pseudorapidity range of vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2. To reveal the medium modification of the jet spectra in PbPb collisions, the properly normalized ratio of spectra from PbPb and pp data is used to extract jet nuclear modification factors as functions of the PbPb collision centrality, p(T) and, for the first time, as a function of R up to 1.0. For the most central collisions, a strong suppression is observed for high-p(T) jets reconstructed with all distance parameters, implying that a significant amount of jet energy is scattered to large angles. The dependence of jet suppression on R is expected to be sensitive to both the jet energy loss mechanism and the medium response, and so the data are compared to several modern event generators and analytic calculations. The models considered do not fully reproduce the data.
Hard color-singlet exchange in dijet events in proton-proton collisions at ?s=13 TeV
(Amer Physical Soc, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
Events where the two leading jets are separated by a pseudorapidity interval devoid of particle activity, known as jet-gap-jet events, are studied in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV. The signature is expected from hard color-singlet exchange. Each of the highest transverse momentum (p(T)) jets must have p(T)(jet) > 40 GeV and pseudorapidity 1.4 < vertical bar eta(jet)vertical bar < 4.7, with eta(jet1)eta(jet2) < 0, where jet1 and jet2 are the leading and subleading jets in p(T), respectively. The analysis is based on data collected by the CMS and TOTEM experiments during a low luminosity, high-beta* run at the CERN LHC in 2015, with an integrated luminosity of 0.66 pb(-1). Events with a low number of charged particles with p(T) > 0.2 GeV in the interval vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1 between the jets are observed in excess of calculations that assume only color-exchange. The fraction of events produced via color-singlet exchange, f(CSE), is measured as a function of p(T)(jet2), the pseudorapidity difference between the two leading jets, and the azimuthal angular separation between the two leading jets. The fraction f(CSE) has values of 0.4-1.0%. The results are compared with previous measurements and with predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamics. In addition, the first study of jet-gap-jet events detected in association with an intact proton using a subsample of events with an integrated luminosity of 0.40 pb(-1) is presented. The intact protons are detected with the Roman pot detectors of the TOTEM experiment. The f(CSE) in this sample is 2.91 +/- 0.70(stat)(-1.01)(+1.08)(syst) times larger than that for inclusive dijet production in dijets with similar kinematics.
Measurement of b jet shapes in proton-proton collisions at ?s=5.02 TeV
(Springer, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
We present the first study of charged-hadron production associated with jets originating from b quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb(-1). To characterize the jet substructure, the differential jet shapes, defined as the normalized transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons as a function of angular distance from the jet axis, are measured for b jets. In addition to the jet shapes, the per-jet yields of charged particles associated with b jets are also quantified, again as a function of the angular distance with respect to the jet axis. Extracted jet shape and particle yield distributions for b jets are compared with results for inclusive jets, as well as with the predictions from the pythia and herwig++ event generators.
Measurement of differential t(t)over-bar production cross sections using top quarks at large transverse momenta in pp collisions at ?s=13 TeV
(Amer Physical Soc, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
A measurement is reported of differential top quark pair (t (t) over bar) production cross sections, where top quarks are produced at large transverse momenta. The data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC are from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement uses events where at least one top quark decays as t -> Wb -> qq(-1)b and is reconstructed as a large-radius jet with transverse momentum in excess of 400 GeV. The second top quark is required to decay either in a similar way or leptonically, as inferred from a reconstructed electron or muon, a bottom quark jet, and missing transverse momentum due to the undetected neutrino. The cross section is extracted as a function of kinematic variables of individual top quarks or of the t (t) over bar system. The results are presented at the particle level, within a region of phase space close to that of the experimental acceptance, and at the parton level and are compared to various theoretical models. In both decay channels, the observed absolute cross sections are significantly lower than the predictions from theory, while the normalized differential measurements are well described.
Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at ?s=13 TeV
(Springer, 2021) Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.; Del Valle, A. Escalante
The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.
Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at ?sNN=5.02 TeV
(Elsevier, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
The second-order Fourier coefficients (v(2)) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Y mesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb(-1). The scalar product method is used to extract the v2 coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < pT < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10-30%, 30-50% and 50-90%. In contrast to the J/psi mesons, the measured v(2) values for the Y mesons are found to be consistent with zero. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
Measurement of the inclusive and differential Higgs boson production cross sections in the leptonic WW decay mode at p ?s=13 TeV
(Springer, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
Measurements of the fiducial inclusive and differential production cross sections of the Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV are performed using events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of W bosons that subsequently decay into a final state with an electron, a muon, and a pair of neutrinos. The analysis is based on data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC during 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). Production cross sections are measured as a function of the transverse momentum of the Higgs boson and the associated jet multiplicity. The Higgs boson signal is extracted and simultaneously unfolded to correct for selection efficiency and resolution effects using maximum-likelihood fits to the observed distributions in data. The integrated fiducial cross section is measured to be 86.5 +/- 9.5 fb, consistent with the Standard Model expectation of 82.5 +/- 4.2 fb. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectations is observed in the differential measurements.
Measurement of the top quark Yukawa coupling from t(t)over-bar kinematic distributions in the dilepton final state in proton-proton collisions at ?s=13 TeV
(Amer Physical Soc, 2020) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
A measurement of the Higgs boson Yukawa coupling to the top quark is presented using proton-proton collision data at root s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1), recorded with the CMS detector. The coupling strength with respect to the standard model value, Y-t, is determined from kinematic distributions in t (t) over bar final states containing ee, mu mu, or e mu pairs. Variations of the Yukawa coupling strength lead to modified distributions for t (t) over bar production. In particular, the distributions of the t (t) over bar mass of the a system and the rapidity difference of the top quark and antiquark are sensitive to the value of Y-t. The measurement yields a best fit value of Y-t = 1.16(-0.35)(+0.24), bounding Y-t < 1.54 at a 95% confidence level.
Measurements of angular distance and momentum ratio distributions in three-jet and Z plus two-jet final states in pp collisions
(Springer, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.; Del Valle, A. Escalante
Collinear (small-angle) and large-angle, as well as soft and hard radiations are investigated in three-jet and Z + two-jet events collected in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The normalized production cross sections are measured as a function of the ratio of transverse momenta of two jets and their angular separation. The measurements in the three-jet and Z + two-jet events are based on data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 fb(-1). The Z + two-jet events are reconstructed in the dimuon decay channel of the Z boson. The three-jet measurement is extended to include root s = 13 TeV data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb(-1). The results are compared to predictions from event generators that include parton showers, multiple parton interactions, and hadronization. The collinear and soft regions are in general well described by parton showers, whereas the regions of large angular separation are often best described by calculations using higher-order matrix elements.
Measurements of pp ? ZZ production cross sections and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings at ?s=13 TeV
(Springer, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
The production of Z boson pairs in proton-proton (pp) collisions, pp -> (Z/gamma*)(Z/gamma*) -> 2l2l', where l, l' = e or mu, is studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1), collected during 2016-2018. The ZZ production cross section, sigma(tot)(pp -> ZZ) = 17.4 +/- 0.3 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst) +/- 0.4 (theo)+/- 0.3 (lumi) pb, measured for events with two pairs of opposite-sign, same-flavor leptons produced in the mass region 60 < m(l+l-) < 120 GeV is consistent with standard model predictions. Differential cross sections are also measured and agree with theoretical predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZ gamma couplings.
Measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign W boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at ?s=13 TeV
(Elsevier, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
The first measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign (WW +/-)-W-+/- boson pairs in proton-proton collisions are reported. The measurements are based on a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). Events are selected by requiring exactly two same-sign leptons, electrons or muons, moderate missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and a large dijet mass to enhance the contribution of same-sign (WW +/-)-W-+/- scattering events. An observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit of 1.17 (0.88) fbis set on the production cross section for longitudinally polarized same-sign W-+/- W-+/- boson pairs. The electroweak production of same-sign W-+/- W-+/- boson pairs with at least one of the W bosons longitudinally polarized is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.3 (3.1) standard deviations. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
Measurements of production cross sections of WZ and same-sign WW boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at ?s=13 TeV
(Elsevier, 2020) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
Measurements of production cross sections of WZ and same-sign WW boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV at the LHC are reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137fb(-1), collected with the CMS detector during 2016-2018. The measurements are performed in the leptonic decay modes W(+/-)Z -> l(+/-)nu l'(+/-)l'(-/+) and (WW +/-)-W-+/- -> l(+/-)nu l'(+/-)nu, where l, l' = e, mu. Differential fiducial cross sections as functions of the invariant masses of the jet and charged lepton pairs, as well as of the leading-lepton transverse momentum, are measured for (WW +/-)-W-+/- production and are consistent with the standard model predictions. The dependence of differential cross sections on the invariant mass of the jet pair is also measured for WZ production. An observation of electroweak production of WZ boson pairs is reported with an observed (expected) significance of 6.8 (5.3) standard deviations. Constraints are obtained on the structure of quartic vector boson interactions in the framework of effective field theory. (c) 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Measurements of the associated production of a W boson and a charm quark in proton-proton collisions at ?s=8TeV
(Springer, 2022) Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.; Del Valle, A. Escalante; Fruhwirth, R.
Measurements of the associated production of a W boson and a charm (c) quark in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV are reported. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1) collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. The Wbosons are identified through their leptonic decays to an electron or a muon, and a neutrino. Charm quark jets are selected using distinctive signatures of charm hadron decays. The product of the cross section and branching fraction sigma(pp -> W + c + X)B(W -> l nu), where l = e or mu, and the cross section ratio sigma(pp -> W+ + (c) over bar + X)/sigma(pp -> W- + c + X) are measured in a fiducial volume and differentially as functions of the pseudorapidity and of the transverse momentum of the lepton from theWboson decay. The results are compared with theoretical predictions. The impact of these measurements on the determination of the strange quark distribution is assessed.
Measurements of the differential cross sections of the production of Z plus jets and ? plus jets and of Z boson emission collinear with a jet in pp collisions at ?s=13 TeV
(Springer, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
Measurements of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and gamma + jets production, and their ratio, are presented as a function of the boson transverse momentum. Measurements are also presented of the angular distribution between the Z boson and the closest jet. The analysis is based on pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1) recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The results, corrected for detector effects, are compared with various theoretical predictions. In general, the predictions at higher orders in perturbation theory show better agreement with the measurements. This work provides the first measurement of the ratio of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and gamma + jets production at 13 TeV, as well as the first direct measurement of Z bosons emitted collinearly with a jet.
Measurements of the W boson rapidity, helicity, double-differential cross sections, and charge asymmetry in pp collisions at ?s=13 TeV
(Amer Physical Soc, 2020) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.
The differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive W boson production at root s = 13 TeV is measured for the two transverse polarization states as a function of the W boson absolute rapidity. The measurement uses events in which a W boson decays to a neutrino and either a muon or an electron. The data sample of proton-proton collisions recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The differential cross section and its value normalized to the total inclusive W boson production cross section are measured over the rapidity range vertical bar y(w)vertical bar < 2.5. In addition to the total fiducial cross section, the W boson double-differential cross section, d(2)sigma/dp(T)(l)d vertical bar eta(l)vertical bar, and the charge asymmetry are measured as functions of the charged lepton transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The precision of these measurements is used to constrain the parton distribution functions of the proton using the next-to-leading order NNPDF3.0 set.
Nuclear modification of Y states in pPb collisions at ?SNN=5.02 TeV
(Elsevier, 2022) Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Ambrogi, F.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.; Del Valle, A. Escalante
Production cross sections of Y(1S), Y(2S), and Y(3S) states decaying into mu(+)mu(-) in proton-lead (pPb) collisions are reported using data collected by the CMS experiment at root S-NN= 5.02 TeV. A comparison is made with corresponding cross sections obtained with ppdata measured at the same collision energy and scaled by the Pb nucleus mass number. The nuclear modification factor for Y(1S) is found to be R-pPb(Y(1S)) = 0.806 +/- 0.024 (stat)+/- 0.059 (syst). Similar results for the excited states indicate a sequential suppression pattern, such that R-pPb(Y(1S)) > R-pPb(Y(2S)) > R-pPb(Y(3S)). The suppression of all states is much less pronounced in pPbthan in PbPbcollisions, and independent of transverse momentum p(T)(Y) and center-of-mass rapidity y(CM)(Y) of the individual Y state in the studied range p(T)(Y) < 30GeV/c and |y(CM)(Y)| < 1.93. Models that incorporate final-state effects of bottomonia in pPb collisions are in better agreement with the data than those which only assume initial-state modifications. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Observation of Forward Neutron Multiplicity Dependence of Dimuon Acoplanarity in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at ?SNN=5.02 TeV
(Amer Physical Soc, 2021) Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Ero, J.; Del Valle, A. Escalante
The first measurement of the dependence of gamma gamma -> mu(+)mu(-) production on the multiplicity of neutrons emitted very close to the beam direction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions is reported. Data for lead-lead interactions at root S-NN = 5.02 TeV, with an integrated luminosity of approximately 1.5 nb(-1), are collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The azimuthal correlations between the two muons in the invariant mass region 8 < m(mu mu) < 60 GeV are extracted for events including 0, 1, or at least 2 neutrons detected in the forward pseudorapidity range vertical bar eta vertical bar > 8.3. The back-to-back correlation structure from leading-order photon-photon scattering is found to be significantly broader for events with a larger number of emitted neutrons from each nucleus, corresponding to interactions with a smaller impact parameter. This observation provides a data-driven demonstration that the average transverse momentum of photons emitted from relativistic heavy ions has an impact parameter dependence. These results provide new constraints on models of photon-induced interactions in ultraperipheral collisions. They also provide a baseline to search for possible final-state effects on lepton pairs caused by traversing a quark-gluon plasma produced in hadronic heavy ion collisions.

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