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    Evaluating phase angle in malnutrition risk assessment using nutritional screening tools
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025) Bayraktar, Damla Zeynep; Andac, Serap; Elmas, Negin
    Background & aims: Malnutrition is a common complication in patients with breast cancer and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Phase angle (PhA), a parameter derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may reflect nutritional status, but its value versus standard tools remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the utility of PhA in detecting malnutrition risk in breast cancer patients, compared with four validated screening tools. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 98 female patients with breast cancer. Nutritional status was assessed using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA SF), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), and Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). PhA was measured using single-frequency (50 kHz) BIA. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal PhA cut-off for malnutrition risk. Associations between PhA and malnutrition risk were examined univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: PhA was significantly associated with nutritional risk across all four screening tools. The optimal PhA cut-off for malnutrition risk based on NRS-2002 was 5.04 degrees (AUC = 0.83), with 73% sensitivity and 87% specificity. In crude logistic regression, a PhA <5.04 degrees significantly increased malnutrition risk across all screening tools: NRS-2002 (OR = 0.178, p < 0.001), MUST (OR = 0.338, p = 0.005), MST (OR = 0.308, p < 0.001), and PG-SGA SF (OR = 0.481, p = 0.037). These associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for age and fat mass index in three models (excluding PG-SGA SF). Conclusion: PhA, appears to be a practical and supportive indicator for identifying malnutrition risk in breast cancer patients, particularly when used alongside validated screening tools. The identified cut-off value (5.04 degrees) may serve as a useful threshold in clinical practice. © 2025 The Author(s)
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    Post-disaster impacts on food security and nutritional demands of vulnerable groups
    (Iop Publishing Ltd, 2025) Basyigit, Bulent; Karimidastjerd, Atefeh; Cetinkaya, Turgay; Zeynep Bakkal, Leman; Basdogan, Hakan; Elmas, Negin; Toker, Omer Said
    This review examines the impact of disasters on food security and nutritional needs, with a focus on vulnerable populations. It highlights the nutritional challenges encountered by vulnerable groups, such as lactating women, infants, and the elderly. Disasters trigger acute stress responses that disrupt metabolic rates, inflammation, and tissue repair, creating a mismatch between emergency food supplies and physiological needs. Research highlights both immediate food insecurity and long-term health risks, such as increased obesity rates among evacuees. Older adults require sufficient protein intake to prevent muscle loss, yet evacuation shelter meals often lack essential nutrients. Dietary modifications, such as soft foods, can help address these needs, while emergency diets must also provide adequate vitamins and minerals to mitigate stress, immune dysfunction, and prolonged inactivity. Intervention programs, such as targeted food assistance, have positively impacted food security and nutritional outcomes. Sustainable approaches-like resilience frameworks and local food production initiatives-enhance long-term food security, particularly in resource-limited settings. Additionally, broader perspectives on food sovereignty and health equity emphasize the importance of addressing systemic inequities in food access. Strengthening local control over food resources and governance can improve resilience and food security during disaster recovery. The relationship between displacement, housing instability, and food insecurity further underscores the necessity of coordinated, multi-sectoral interventions. A comprehensive strategy should integrate both short-term emergency food provisions and long-term nutritional planning. This approach must incorporate quantitative data (e.g., household surveys, statistical models) and qualitative insights on community resilience to develop targeted, effective interventions. By adopting an integrated recovery framework, food security efforts can better meet the needs of vulnerable populations, fostering sustainable, long-term resilience in disaster-prone areas.