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    Confrontation versus withdrawal: Cultural differences in responses to threats to honor
    (2013) Cross, S.E.; Uskul, A.K.; Gerçek-Swing, B.; Alözkan, C.; Ataca, B.
    This study compares evaluations by members of an honor culture (Turkey) and a dignity culture (northern USA) of honor threat scenarios, in which a target was the victim of either a rude affront or a false accusation, and the target chose to withdraw or confront the attacker. Turkish participants were more likely than American participants to evaluate positively the person who withdrew from the rude affront and the person who confronted the false accusation. Participants in both societies perceived that others in their society would endorse confrontation more than withdrawal in both types of scenarios, but this effect was larger for Turkish than American participants. Honor values were associated with evaluations of the targets most strongly among Turkish participants who read about a person who confronted their attacker. These findings provide insight into the role of cultural norms and individual differences in the ways honor influences behavior. © The Author(s) 2012.
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    Social class, gender and working status as determinants of stereotype content in two cultures
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Munoz, S.G.G.; Sunar, D.; Ataca, B.; Little, T.D.
    The present study examines some of the implications of the Stereotype Content Model (SCM; Fiske et al., 2002) by assessing the mediational role of groups' status and competition on the effect of cross-cutting categories (i.e., social class, gender, and working status) on stereotype content in two cultures, the US and Turkey, using structural equation modeling. Participants rated 12 target groups on status, competition, competence and warmth. Metric equivalence of the latent variables was established. Social class was the strongest predictor of stereotype content in both cultures. As predicted, its effect on competence was mediated through status, and its effect on warmth was mediated through competition. Also as predicted, status mediated the effect of working status on competence in both cultures. Only in the United States, competition also mediated the effect of working status on warmth. In general, findings support the utility of assessing the two mediators in understanding stereotype content while pointing to cultural variation in the effects of specific aspects of social standing. © 2021 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.