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    Acute effects of static stretching exercises on short-distance flutter kicking time in child swimmers
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012) Agopyan, Ani; Bozdogan, Fatma Seda; Tekin, Demet; Yetgin, Meral Kucuk; Guler, Cigil Gun
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of static stretching exercises and gender on the kickboard flutter kicking swimming times of 11- to 12-year-old swimmers. Twenty-nine (15 boys and 14 girls) competitive swimmers performed short-distance (25 m and 50 m) flutter kicking swims with a kickboard under both unstretched and stretched conditions on separate days. The conditions were randomly assigned to the participants. In total, 4 static stretching exercises (3 active and 1 passive) were applied to the lower extremities (2 x 30 s; 10 s rest). The results indicated that 25 m (girls: 22.72 +/- 2.60 s, 22.54 +/- 2.26 s; respectively; boys: 23.35 +/- 3.85 s, 22.69 +/- 3.77 s; respectively) and 50-m (girls: 51.40 +/- 6.04 s, 50.23 +/- 5.93 s; respectively; boys: 50.38 +/- 6.80 s, 49.30 +/- 6.56 s; respectively) distances flutter kicking swim times were not significantly different between no stretch and the stretch conditions or between boys and girls (P > 0.05) According to these findings, and contrary to the results of certain studies of land performance, the static stretching exercises did not have any effect on the kickboard flutter kicking swimming time and did not result in any difference in performance level between genders.
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    Isokinetic Strength Profiles of Thigh Muscles of Modern Dancers in Relation to Their Experience Level
    (Science & Medicine Inc, 2013) Agopyan, Ani; Tekin, Demet; Unal, Mehmet; Kurtel, Hizir; Turan, Gullu; Ersoz, Ayrin
    The aim of this study was to determine maximal voluntary peak torque (PT), PT% body weight (PT%BW), total work (TW), and hamstring/quadriceps ratio (HQR) for bilateral and unilateral thigh muscle strength during isokinetic muscle contractions in modern dancers in relation to their experience level. METHODS: Twenty-two female dancers were divided into two groups: intermediate dancers (ID, n=11) and advanced dancers (AD, n=11). Strength tests were performed using the Biodex System-III Pro Multijoint System isokinetic dynamometer to determine three joint angular velocities (60, 180, 300 degrees/s). RESULTS: During extension, ADs exhibited higher ratios in the HQR (p=0.016) on right leg at 300 degrees/s, IDs generated greater TW (p=0.042), and within groups, there was a significant left-to-right difference in the HQR at 300 degrees/s for ADs (p=0.042). During flexion, within groups, the ADs exhibited significant differences between legs for both PT (p=0.026) and PT%BW (p=0.022) at 300 degrees/s. CONCLUSION: For both groups, the average HQR in all angular velocities was not within the recommended range, which is required to prevent injuries; at the same time, unilateral muscular imbalances existed. Lower extremities of ADs exhibited asymmetric strength patterns at a certain level. Further research should be done to confirm the findings of this pilot study.
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    Pulmonary And Biochemical Characteristics Of Smoker And Non-Smoker Modern Dancers
    (Soc Brasileira Med Esporte, 2016-01) Tekin, Demet; Agopyan, Ani; Ünal, Mehmet; Kurtel, Hızır; Turan, Güllü; Ersöz, Ayrin
    Introduction: Although the harmful effects of smoking on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems have been established for a long time, the effect on physiological and physical parameters in modern female dancers is not well documented. Objective: To determine differences in selected pulmonary functions, biochemical parameters, and body composition in female smoker and non-smoker modern dancers who are university or graduate students. Methods: A total of twenty-two female modern dancers (mean age of 24.6 +/- 4.3 years), who were non-smokers (n = 11) and smokers (n = 11), voluntarily participated in the study. The smokers had been smoking 1 to 20 cigarettes per day for an average period of seven years. The pulmonary function test Mir Spirobank Spirometer, (Italy) was applied; selected biochemical parameters were tested, and various anthropometric measurements (height, weight and seven skinfold thickness) were performed. The results of body composition were evaluated using Jackson-Pollock equations. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Result: No significant differences were found between smoker and non-smoker dancers in terms of body composition (body fat, % body fat, lean body fat) and selected biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). However, non-smokers had prediction values of forced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) significantly better (p < 0.05). The effect of smoking on the performance of female modern dancers should be examined in a longitudinal study, with a higher number of participants. Conclusion: It was observed that smoking reduces lung pulmonary capacity at a certain rate, although the biochemical parameters and body composition of the female smoker and non-smoker dancers were similar.