Is low fertility really a problem? Population aging, dependency, and consumption
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2014-10-10
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Longer lives and fertility far below the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman are leading to rapid population aging in many countries. Many observers are concerned that aging will adversely affect public finances and standards of living. Analysis of newly available National Transfer Accounts data for 40 countries shows that fertility well above replacement would typically be most beneficial for government budgets. However, fertility near replacement would be most beneficial for standards of living when the analysis includes the effects of age structure on families as well as governments. And fertility below replacement would maximize per capita consumption when the cost of providing capital for a growing labor force is taken into account. Although low fertility will indeed challenge government programs and very low fertility undermines living standards, we find that moderately low fertility and population decline favor the broader material standard of living. Copyright 2014 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Age Factors, Aging; Birth Rate, Economics, Female, Fertility, Humans, Income, Income Tax, Population Growth, Socioeconomic Factors, age, aging, article, birth rate, economics, female, fertility, human, income, population growth, socioeconomics, tax
Kaynak
Science
WoS Q Değeri
Q1
